Biol 373- Exam 1 Questions With All
Correct Answers 2025|2026 Latest
Update!!!
Chapter 1 CORRECT ANSWERS Evolution
Robert Hooke (1665) CORRECT ANSWERS observed compartments in cork, under a
microscope, and first named them cells
resolution CORRECT ANSWERS -resolving power (ability to see fine detail)
-the ability to distinguish two adjacent objects or points from one another
Resolving power (RP) = CORRECT ANSWERS Wavelength of light in nm / 2 x
Numerical aperture
-Shorter wavelengths provide a better resolution
What is the descriptive nature of cell biology CORRECT ANSWERS focus on
observation, with little emphasis on explanation
Compound microscopes (1830s) CORRECT ANSWERS -These had two lenses
-Both magnification and resolution were improved
-Structures only 1 micrometer in size could be seen clearly
Robert Brown CORRECT ANSWERS identified the nucleus, a structure inside plant
cells
Matthias Schleiden CORRECT ANSWERS concluded that all plant tissues are
composed of cells
Thomas Schwann CORRECT ANSWERS concluded that all animal tissues are
composed of cells; postulated the cell theory (1839)
What is the cell theory? CORRECT ANSWERS 1. All organisms consist of one or more
cells (Schwann 1839)
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms (Schwann 1839)
3. All cells arise only from preexisting cells (Virchow 1855)
Cytology CORRECT ANSWERS focuses mainly on cellular structure and emphasizes
optical techniques
Biochemistry CORRECT ANSWERS focuses on cellular structure and function
, Genetics CORRECT ANSWERS focuses on information flow and heredity and includes
sequencing of the entire genome (all of the DNA) in numerous organisms
micrometer (μm) CORRECT ANSWERS one millionth of a meter (10-6 m)
nanometer (nm) CORRECT ANSWERS one-billionth of a meter (10-9 m)
microtome (mid-1800s) CORRECT ANSWERS -allowed preparation of very thin slices
of samples
limit of resolution CORRECT ANSWERS how far apart objects must be to appear as
distinct
The smaller the microscope's limit of resolution, the greater its CORRECT ANSWERS
resolving power
Electron Microscopy (Ruska 1930's) CORRECT ANSWERS -Focused electron beam
-Wavelength = 6pm
-100,000 X less than red visible light
Fredrich Wöhler (1828) CORRECT ANSWERS -showed that a compound made in a
living organism (urea) could be synthesized in the lab
Louis Pasteur (1860s) CORRECT ANSWERS showed that yeasts could ferment sugar
into alcohol
Buchners (1897) CORRECT ANSWERS showed that yeast extracts could do the same
(origin of the Buchner funnel)
enzymes CORRECT ANSWERS biological catalysts
Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, Otto Warburg, and Hans Krebs CORRECT ANSWERS
-described the steps of glycolysis (the Embden-Meyerhof pathway) and the Krebs cycle
-Both pathways are important in energy metabolism of cells
Fritz Lipmann CORRECT ANSWERS -showed that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the
principal energy storage compound in most cells
Subcellular fractionation CORRECT ANSWERS -uses centrifugation to separate/isolate
different structures and macromolecules
Ultracentrifuges CORRECT ANSWERS are capable of very high speeds (over 100,000
revolutions per minute)
Chromatography CORRECT ANSWERS techniques to separate molecules from a
solution based on size, charge, or chemical affinity
Correct Answers 2025|2026 Latest
Update!!!
Chapter 1 CORRECT ANSWERS Evolution
Robert Hooke (1665) CORRECT ANSWERS observed compartments in cork, under a
microscope, and first named them cells
resolution CORRECT ANSWERS -resolving power (ability to see fine detail)
-the ability to distinguish two adjacent objects or points from one another
Resolving power (RP) = CORRECT ANSWERS Wavelength of light in nm / 2 x
Numerical aperture
-Shorter wavelengths provide a better resolution
What is the descriptive nature of cell biology CORRECT ANSWERS focus on
observation, with little emphasis on explanation
Compound microscopes (1830s) CORRECT ANSWERS -These had two lenses
-Both magnification and resolution were improved
-Structures only 1 micrometer in size could be seen clearly
Robert Brown CORRECT ANSWERS identified the nucleus, a structure inside plant
cells
Matthias Schleiden CORRECT ANSWERS concluded that all plant tissues are
composed of cells
Thomas Schwann CORRECT ANSWERS concluded that all animal tissues are
composed of cells; postulated the cell theory (1839)
What is the cell theory? CORRECT ANSWERS 1. All organisms consist of one or more
cells (Schwann 1839)
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms (Schwann 1839)
3. All cells arise only from preexisting cells (Virchow 1855)
Cytology CORRECT ANSWERS focuses mainly on cellular structure and emphasizes
optical techniques
Biochemistry CORRECT ANSWERS focuses on cellular structure and function
, Genetics CORRECT ANSWERS focuses on information flow and heredity and includes
sequencing of the entire genome (all of the DNA) in numerous organisms
micrometer (μm) CORRECT ANSWERS one millionth of a meter (10-6 m)
nanometer (nm) CORRECT ANSWERS one-billionth of a meter (10-9 m)
microtome (mid-1800s) CORRECT ANSWERS -allowed preparation of very thin slices
of samples
limit of resolution CORRECT ANSWERS how far apart objects must be to appear as
distinct
The smaller the microscope's limit of resolution, the greater its CORRECT ANSWERS
resolving power
Electron Microscopy (Ruska 1930's) CORRECT ANSWERS -Focused electron beam
-Wavelength = 6pm
-100,000 X less than red visible light
Fredrich Wöhler (1828) CORRECT ANSWERS -showed that a compound made in a
living organism (urea) could be synthesized in the lab
Louis Pasteur (1860s) CORRECT ANSWERS showed that yeasts could ferment sugar
into alcohol
Buchners (1897) CORRECT ANSWERS showed that yeast extracts could do the same
(origin of the Buchner funnel)
enzymes CORRECT ANSWERS biological catalysts
Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, Otto Warburg, and Hans Krebs CORRECT ANSWERS
-described the steps of glycolysis (the Embden-Meyerhof pathway) and the Krebs cycle
-Both pathways are important in energy metabolism of cells
Fritz Lipmann CORRECT ANSWERS -showed that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the
principal energy storage compound in most cells
Subcellular fractionation CORRECT ANSWERS -uses centrifugation to separate/isolate
different structures and macromolecules
Ultracentrifuges CORRECT ANSWERS are capable of very high speeds (over 100,000
revolutions per minute)
Chromatography CORRECT ANSWERS techniques to separate molecules from a
solution based on size, charge, or chemical affinity
