NURS 3550 Drugs for Diabetes Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update
2025-2026
What is the cause of diabetes? - Answers An autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
- Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
o Deficiency of insulin
o Resistance to action of insulin
How is diabetes diagnosed? - Answers - A diagnosis of diabetes is confirmed if hemoglobin A1c
is 6.5% or higher, fasting plasma glucose is 126 mg/dL or higher, casual blood glucose is 200
mg/dL or higher, and the patient has the classic signs and symptoms of diabetes (polyuria,
polydipsia, and sudden weight loss that cannot be attributed to other common causes).
- fasting blood sugar
- a hemoglobin A1C test
- a glucose tolerance test
How is type 1 diabetes treated? - Answers - Type 1 diabetes is treated with insulin replacement.
- Oral antidiabetic agents are ineffective.
How is type 2 diabetes treated? - Answers - Type 2 diabetes is treated with oral antidiabetic
drugs or, if needed, with insulin or another injectable drug, but always in conjunction with a
program of diet modification and exercise, and only if glycemic control cannot be maintained by
diet modification and exercise
What is the premeal target for SMBG? - Answers The premeal target is 90 to 130 mg/dL
What is the peak postmeal target for SMBG? - Answers The peak postmeal target is 180 mg/dL
or lower.
How often should hemoglobin A1c be measured? Why? - Answers Hemoglobin A1c should be
measured every 3 to 6 months to assess long-term glycemic control.
What is the target value for total hemoglobin? SMBG. - Answers The target value is 7% of total
, hemoglobin or lower.
What are the short-term complications of diabetes? - Answers - Hyperglycemia
- Ketoacidosis
- Hypoglycemia
What are the long-term complications of diabetes? - Answers - Macrovascular damage
- Heart disease
- Hypertension
- Stroke
- Hyperglycemia
- Altered lipid metabolism
- Microvascular damage
- Retinopathy
- Nephropathy
- Sensory and motor neuropathy
- Gastroparesis
- Amputation secondary to infection
- Erectile dysfunction
What are the 3 main factors of Diabetes during pregnancy? - Answers - the placenta produces
hormones that antagonize the actions of insulin
- production of cortisol increases threefold
- glucose can pass freely from the maternal to the fetal circulation (fetal hyperinsulinemia)
Explain the hemoglobin A1c test. - Answers AKA o heamoglobinA1c, HbA1c, or
glycohemoglobin test.
- Blood glucose level is measured by the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in blood.
2025-2026
What is the cause of diabetes? - Answers An autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
- Disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
o Deficiency of insulin
o Resistance to action of insulin
How is diabetes diagnosed? - Answers - A diagnosis of diabetes is confirmed if hemoglobin A1c
is 6.5% or higher, fasting plasma glucose is 126 mg/dL or higher, casual blood glucose is 200
mg/dL or higher, and the patient has the classic signs and symptoms of diabetes (polyuria,
polydipsia, and sudden weight loss that cannot be attributed to other common causes).
- fasting blood sugar
- a hemoglobin A1C test
- a glucose tolerance test
How is type 1 diabetes treated? - Answers - Type 1 diabetes is treated with insulin replacement.
- Oral antidiabetic agents are ineffective.
How is type 2 diabetes treated? - Answers - Type 2 diabetes is treated with oral antidiabetic
drugs or, if needed, with insulin or another injectable drug, but always in conjunction with a
program of diet modification and exercise, and only if glycemic control cannot be maintained by
diet modification and exercise
What is the premeal target for SMBG? - Answers The premeal target is 90 to 130 mg/dL
What is the peak postmeal target for SMBG? - Answers The peak postmeal target is 180 mg/dL
or lower.
How often should hemoglobin A1c be measured? Why? - Answers Hemoglobin A1c should be
measured every 3 to 6 months to assess long-term glycemic control.
What is the target value for total hemoglobin? SMBG. - Answers The target value is 7% of total
, hemoglobin or lower.
What are the short-term complications of diabetes? - Answers - Hyperglycemia
- Ketoacidosis
- Hypoglycemia
What are the long-term complications of diabetes? - Answers - Macrovascular damage
- Heart disease
- Hypertension
- Stroke
- Hyperglycemia
- Altered lipid metabolism
- Microvascular damage
- Retinopathy
- Nephropathy
- Sensory and motor neuropathy
- Gastroparesis
- Amputation secondary to infection
- Erectile dysfunction
What are the 3 main factors of Diabetes during pregnancy? - Answers - the placenta produces
hormones that antagonize the actions of insulin
- production of cortisol increases threefold
- glucose can pass freely from the maternal to the fetal circulation (fetal hyperinsulinemia)
Explain the hemoglobin A1c test. - Answers AKA o heamoglobinA1c, HbA1c, or
glycohemoglobin test.
- Blood glucose level is measured by the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in blood.
