MEDICAL PERSPECTIVES CASE STUDIES
UrinaryxcTractxcStonesxc-xcanswer--Nathanxcisxcaxc56-year-
oldxcmalexcwhoxcpresentsxctoxcthexcERxcuponxcwakingxcupxctoxcseverexcandxcintensifyingxcpainxcinxc
hisxcleftxcflankxcregion.xcPatientxcisxcinxcobviousxcacutexcdistressxcwithxcsignificantxcanxiety,xcpallor
xcandxcdiaphoresis.xcPtxcisxcunablexctoxcsitxcstillxcandxccontinuesxctoxcmovexcaroundxcandxcgroaning
xcinxcpain.xcHexcdevelopsxcnauseaxcfromxcthexcpainxcandxcvomitsxctwicexcwhilexcinxcthexcER.xcBlood
workxcrevealedxchighxclevelsxcofxcuricxcacid.
Hypothyroidismxc-xcanswer--Cindyxcisxcaxc29-year-
oldxcfemalexcwhoxcpresentsxctoxcthexcERxccomplainingxcofxcfeelingxcweak,xctiredxcwithxcjointxcandxc
musclexcpain.xcShexcreportsxcfeelingxc"coldxcallxcthexctime"xcandxcaxc30xclb.xcweightxcgainxcinxcthexcl
astxc8xcmonths.xcPatientsxcstatesxcthatxcshexchasxcbeenxcexperiencingxcrecurrentxcheadaches,xc
mildxcconstipationxcandxcaxclackxcofxcaxcmenstrualxcperiod.xcAxcpregnancyxctestxcwasxcdetermined
xctoxcbexcnegative.xcThexcphysicianxcnotedxcthatxcherxcvoicexcwasxchoarsexcandxcherxchandxcandxcf
acexcwerexcpuffyxcwithxcdryxcandxcflakyxcskin.xcBloodxctestxcrevealedxchighxclevelsxcofxcTSH.
RupturedxcSpleenxc-xcanswer--Jeremyxcisxcaxc29-year-
oldxcmalexcprofessionalxcathletexcwhoxcpresentsxctoxcthexcERxcfollowingxcanxcinjuryxcduringxcaxcfoo
tballxcgame.xcThexcpatientxcreportsxctakingxcanxcaggressivexctacklexcwhenxcthexclinemanxctookxchi
mxcdownxcbyxcwrappingxcaroundxchisxcwaist.xcThexcpatientxcdidxcnotxcimmediatelyxcfeelxcanyxcsym
ptomsxcotherxcthanxcthexc"normalxcpainxcofxcbeingxctackled"xchoweverxclaterxcbeganxctoxchavexcab
dominalxctenderness.xcTeamxcdoctorsxcbeganxctoxcbexcconcernedxcwhenxcthexcpatientxcbeganxce
xperiencingxclight-
headedness,xcconfusionxcandxcblurredxcvision.xcThexcpatientxcwasxcexperiencingxc"violentxcpain"
xcinxcthexcleftxcshoulderxcandxcanxcultrasoundxcrevealedxcbloodxcinxcthexcabdomen.
Ringwormxc-xcanswer--Timxcisxcaxc11-year-
oldxcmalexcwhoxcisxcbroughtxctoxcthexcERxcafterxchisxcmotherxcnoticedxcanxcoddxcrash-
likexcmarkingxconxchisxcarm.xcThexcmarkingxcisxcaxcscaly,xc2-inchxcdiameterxccircle-
shapedxcareaxcthatxcappearsxctoxchavexcsomexcinflammation.xcThexcpatientxcreportsxcthatxcthexcar
eaxcisxc"veryxcitchy",xcbutxchasxcnoxcotherxcsignsxcorxcsymptoms.xcAxcsmallxcscrapingxcofxcthexcskinx
cisxcsentxctoxcthexclabxcforxcanalysisxcandxcthexcresultsxcshowxcthexcpresencexcofxcfungi.
Anaphylaxisxc-xcanswer--Elizabethxcisxcaxc14-year-
oldxcfemalexcwhoxcisxcbroughtxctoxcthexcERxcbyxcherxcmotherxcafterxcpatientxcwasxcstungxcbyxcanxcu
nknownxcinsectxconxcherxcrightxcarmxcwhilexchikingxcinxcthexcwoods.xcThexcareaxcofxcthexcstingxcapp
earsxctoxcbexcredxcandxcswollenxcwithxchivesxcspreadingxctoxcthexcneckxcandxctrunk.xcPatientxcisxcha
vingxcdifficultyxctalkingxcduexctoxcswellingxcofxcthexctonguexcandxcisxcbeginningxctoxcwheeze.xcPatie
ntxcstatesxcshexcisxcfeelingxc"faint"xcand
"lightheaded."xcVitalsxcsignsxcrevealxctachycardiaxcandxchypotension.
MunchausenxcbyxcProxyxc-xcanswer--Shelbyxcisxcaxc11-year-
oldxcfemalexcwhoxcwasxcbroughtxctoxcthexchospitalxcbyxcherxcmotherxcwithxcconcernsxcthatxcherxcda
ughterxchasxcaxcbrainxctumor.xcThexcmotherxcclaimsxcthatxcthexcpatientxchasxcbeenxcinxcintensexcpai
UrinaryxcTractxcStonesxc-xcanswer--Nathanxcisxcaxc56-year-
oldxcmalexcwhoxcpresentsxctoxcthexcERxcuponxcwakingxcupxctoxcseverexcandxcintensifyingxcpainxcinxc
hisxcleftxcflankxcregion.xcPatientxcisxcinxcobviousxcacutexcdistressxcwithxcsignificantxcanxiety,xcpallor
xcandxcdiaphoresis.xcPtxcisxcunablexctoxcsitxcstillxcandxccontinuesxctoxcmovexcaroundxcandxcgroaning
xcinxcpain.xcHexcdevelopsxcnauseaxcfromxcthexcpainxcandxcvomitsxctwicexcwhilexcinxcthexcER.xcBlood
workxcrevealedxchighxclevelsxcofxcuricxcacid.
Hypothyroidismxc-xcanswer--Cindyxcisxcaxc29-year-
oldxcfemalexcwhoxcpresentsxctoxcthexcERxccomplainingxcofxcfeelingxcweak,xctiredxcwithxcjointxcandxc
musclexcpain.xcShexcreportsxcfeelingxc"coldxcallxcthexctime"xcandxcaxc30xclb.xcweightxcgainxcinxcthexcl
astxc8xcmonths.xcPatientsxcstatesxcthatxcshexchasxcbeenxcexperiencingxcrecurrentxcheadaches,xc
mildxcconstipationxcandxcaxclackxcofxcaxcmenstrualxcperiod.xcAxcpregnancyxctestxcwasxcdetermined
xctoxcbexcnegative.xcThexcphysicianxcnotedxcthatxcherxcvoicexcwasxchoarsexcandxcherxchandxcandxcf
acexcwerexcpuffyxcwithxcdryxcandxcflakyxcskin.xcBloodxctestxcrevealedxchighxclevelsxcofxcTSH.
RupturedxcSpleenxc-xcanswer--Jeremyxcisxcaxc29-year-
oldxcmalexcprofessionalxcathletexcwhoxcpresentsxctoxcthexcERxcfollowingxcanxcinjuryxcduringxcaxcfoo
tballxcgame.xcThexcpatientxcreportsxctakingxcanxcaggressivexctacklexcwhenxcthexclinemanxctookxchi
mxcdownxcbyxcwrappingxcaroundxchisxcwaist.xcThexcpatientxcdidxcnotxcimmediatelyxcfeelxcanyxcsym
ptomsxcotherxcthanxcthexc"normalxcpainxcofxcbeingxctackled"xchoweverxclaterxcbeganxctoxchavexcab
dominalxctenderness.xcTeamxcdoctorsxcbeganxctoxcbexcconcernedxcwhenxcthexcpatientxcbeganxce
xperiencingxclight-
headedness,xcconfusionxcandxcblurredxcvision.xcThexcpatientxcwasxcexperiencingxc"violentxcpain"
xcinxcthexcleftxcshoulderxcandxcanxcultrasoundxcrevealedxcbloodxcinxcthexcabdomen.
Ringwormxc-xcanswer--Timxcisxcaxc11-year-
oldxcmalexcwhoxcisxcbroughtxctoxcthexcERxcafterxchisxcmotherxcnoticedxcanxcoddxcrash-
likexcmarkingxconxchisxcarm.xcThexcmarkingxcisxcaxcscaly,xc2-inchxcdiameterxccircle-
shapedxcareaxcthatxcappearsxctoxchavexcsomexcinflammation.xcThexcpatientxcreportsxcthatxcthexcar
eaxcisxc"veryxcitchy",xcbutxchasxcnoxcotherxcsignsxcorxcsymptoms.xcAxcsmallxcscrapingxcofxcthexcskinx
cisxcsentxctoxcthexclabxcforxcanalysisxcandxcthexcresultsxcshowxcthexcpresencexcofxcfungi.
Anaphylaxisxc-xcanswer--Elizabethxcisxcaxc14-year-
oldxcfemalexcwhoxcisxcbroughtxctoxcthexcERxcbyxcherxcmotherxcafterxcpatientxcwasxcstungxcbyxcanxcu
nknownxcinsectxconxcherxcrightxcarmxcwhilexchikingxcinxcthexcwoods.xcThexcareaxcofxcthexcstingxcapp
earsxctoxcbexcredxcandxcswollenxcwithxchivesxcspreadingxctoxcthexcneckxcandxctrunk.xcPatientxcisxcha
vingxcdifficultyxctalkingxcduexctoxcswellingxcofxcthexctonguexcandxcisxcbeginningxctoxcwheeze.xcPatie
ntxcstatesxcshexcisxcfeelingxc"faint"xcand
"lightheaded."xcVitalsxcsignsxcrevealxctachycardiaxcandxchypotension.
MunchausenxcbyxcProxyxc-xcanswer--Shelbyxcisxcaxc11-year-
oldxcfemalexcwhoxcwasxcbroughtxctoxcthexchospitalxcbyxcherxcmotherxcwithxcconcernsxcthatxcherxcda
ughterxchasxcaxcbrainxctumor.xcThexcmotherxcclaimsxcthatxcthexcpatientxchasxcbeenxcinxcintensexcpai