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History 224 exam with correct answers

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History 224 exam with correct answers

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History 224 exam with correct answers |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




How has the work of Ethnohistorians changed our conception of pre-contact life? - correct
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answer✔✔Recreate lives of Native using all available evidence which helps understanding of |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




how they lived prior to European contact. Typically used to be anthropologists and
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archaeologists but now include lithic, biologists, and various scientists. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Historians now include oral history as valuable as they do written history. Now also including
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women to include a more equal approach. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




They can cause problems when considering all incoming sources of information, as It can
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conflict with previously stated outcomes like being poor or unknowing at agriculture. They
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excelled in agriculture in 1500's due to corn bean and squash cultivation for better soil leading
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to more sedentary set ups or living arrangements.Genetic tracing North American Indigenous
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people to a few Asian groups of people. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Lithic provided how Indigenous societies technological and cultural changes which occurred in
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differing geographical areas. 1800 years ago shift from wood to bone and antler in West coast
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changed production and hunting strategies. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




In what ways would Native peoples and Europeans have had difficult understanding the
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following aspects of one another's societies in the 16th century? - correct answer✔✔GENDER
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ROLES--]Indigenous people had men and women generally of equal importance, with them |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




taking different roles depending on the need. For example, women produced and controlled
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food resources, men gained status through their prowess as hunters in general.
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Europeans had a patriarchal view that had men have dominance, control and power over |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




women and women were generally left at home to child rear.
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




ATTITUDES TOWARD SEX--Indigenous people accepted homosexuality and in general had a |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




relaxed, open free loving society. Members of LGBT community were thought potentially to
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have two spirts and were respected.
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Europeans had a catholic dominated and patriarchal control of sex and homosexuality and |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




sexual promiscuity was frowned upon. Europeans referred to cross dressers as berarche which
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meant male prostitute. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\

, REASONS FOR GOING TO WAR--Indigenous societies rarely if ever went to war over religious |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




disputes. It was usually over hunting and resources within their land disputes. Women had a |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




voice in wars. |||\\\ |||\\\




Europeans often went to war over religious matters, as evidenced by crusades and were much |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




deadlier. Men decided wars. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




RELIGIOUS BELIEFS--Europeans had a fundamental Catholic view and the church overruled |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




everything including people's personal sexuality and belief systems. Indigenous people believed |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




in the story of the creator, and the spiritual connection between the creator and the natural
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world. Niitsitapi people had rituals such as Sun dances. Mi'kmaq people and the Great Spirit.
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In what ways were Cree and Ojibwa societies different? In what ways were they similar? -
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correct answer✔✔· Ojibwa believed in spirts that reflected natural phenomena. They had
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guardian spirts, which led to a Grand Medicine society, which played a key role in traditional |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Ojibwa medical-spiritual practices. Ojibwa bands hunted separately from each other,|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




intermarriages were common, and they held annual feasts and entertainment amongst one |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




another to bring them all together. Ojibwa lived in large villages of dome shaped, birchbark |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




wigwams that served as their permanent homes because of lots wildlife in their area. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




· Cree lived in small bands and followed hunting game to live off of the land. had sun dances,
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powwows, feasts, sweat lodges. Lived a more nomadic lifestyle and lived in tipis. Religious life |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




was strongly connected with nature, and specifically animals.. The Cree, who were also hunter-
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




gatherers, had similar institutions, which were reinforced by annual ceremonies that |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




emphasized the links between their spiritual beliefs and their egalitarian organization of |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




governance.

· Both venerated the dead of their society. Both were egalitarian. Both had deep connections
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with nature and lived off of the land. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




How did the social structures of the tribes of the Plateau differ from the tribes of the coast? -
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correct answer✔✔· Tribes of the coast appeared to have formal government structures and
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more rigid social hierarchies. Confederacies such as the Five Nations Confederacy had formed,
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which was formed due to growing violence and feuds amongst differing tribes in the region.
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Often these tribes were led or overruled by a Chief in society. Tribes of the coast also had
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Chiefs among them that had rigid social hierarchies. This was often passed down by virtue of
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family descent. |||\\\

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