ENT101 Study Guide Questions and Correct
Answers
Vertebrates- internal skeleton/endoskeleton
internal skeleton/endoskeleton
Invertebrates-
no vertebrae, internal skeleton/ exo skeleton (90% of animals)
All arthropods have-
bilateral symmetry, segmented body, ventral nerve cord, dorsal blood vessel and exoskeletons
Open circulatory system-
no blood vessels, have one dorsal blood vessel with large openings to circulate blood
sclerotization
Cross linking of proteins across the chitin protein matrix
Molting process
Step 1, apolysis- ecdysteroid moulting hormone from prothoracic gland
Step 2,- digestive fluid breaks down endocuticle
Step 3, new cuticle secreted by epidermal cells
Step 4, ecdysis- old cuticle is cast off
To increase body volume and stretch new cuticle before hardening-
,will contract muscles to increase internal fluid pressure, may also swallow air or water to
accomplish this
Best ways to id insects from other arthropods
Number of body regions
Number of pairs of legs found in adults
Number of pairs of antennae
Presence of wings in adults
Body regions aka tagmata
(spiders have two, hexapods have 3 as adults)
Ametabolous insects-
insects that do not go through metamorphosis, these insects dont have wings and are thus called
apterygote
incomplete metamorphosis
- juveniles are morphologically and geologically distinct from adults
Hemimetabolous development-
similar in body form and habitat for development
Exopterygotes-
wings develop externally to body during juvenile life stages
Complete metamorphosis (holometabolic development)-
, drastic changes during metamorphosis, involving a pupa stage
imaginal discs
Wing development is within body for these insects due to groups of cells called-
Insects that go through complete metamorphosis are known as
endopterygotes, and belong to holometabola group
Diapause-
insect development is slowed or stopped (no fecking)
Odonata-
dragonflies, very old order, adults have long abdomens, four strong wings that cant be folded,
big eyes and small antenna, juveniles are aquatic or semi aquatic
Blattodea-
old order, cockroaches, eusocial termites
Orthoptera-
grasshopers, crickets and cadids, most members feed on plant leaves, juveniles closely remember
adults minus wings and cocks. Well devloped thorax and elaborate courtship ceremonies
Hemiptera-
most diverse insect order that does not go through complete metamorphosis. Includes insects
referred to as true bugs, posses sucking mouthparts, can very easily be peasts for both crops and
disease
Answers
Vertebrates- internal skeleton/endoskeleton
internal skeleton/endoskeleton
Invertebrates-
no vertebrae, internal skeleton/ exo skeleton (90% of animals)
All arthropods have-
bilateral symmetry, segmented body, ventral nerve cord, dorsal blood vessel and exoskeletons
Open circulatory system-
no blood vessels, have one dorsal blood vessel with large openings to circulate blood
sclerotization
Cross linking of proteins across the chitin protein matrix
Molting process
Step 1, apolysis- ecdysteroid moulting hormone from prothoracic gland
Step 2,- digestive fluid breaks down endocuticle
Step 3, new cuticle secreted by epidermal cells
Step 4, ecdysis- old cuticle is cast off
To increase body volume and stretch new cuticle before hardening-
,will contract muscles to increase internal fluid pressure, may also swallow air or water to
accomplish this
Best ways to id insects from other arthropods
Number of body regions
Number of pairs of legs found in adults
Number of pairs of antennae
Presence of wings in adults
Body regions aka tagmata
(spiders have two, hexapods have 3 as adults)
Ametabolous insects-
insects that do not go through metamorphosis, these insects dont have wings and are thus called
apterygote
incomplete metamorphosis
- juveniles are morphologically and geologically distinct from adults
Hemimetabolous development-
similar in body form and habitat for development
Exopterygotes-
wings develop externally to body during juvenile life stages
Complete metamorphosis (holometabolic development)-
, drastic changes during metamorphosis, involving a pupa stage
imaginal discs
Wing development is within body for these insects due to groups of cells called-
Insects that go through complete metamorphosis are known as
endopterygotes, and belong to holometabola group
Diapause-
insect development is slowed or stopped (no fecking)
Odonata-
dragonflies, very old order, adults have long abdomens, four strong wings that cant be folded,
big eyes and small antenna, juveniles are aquatic or semi aquatic
Blattodea-
old order, cockroaches, eusocial termites
Orthoptera-
grasshopers, crickets and cadids, most members feed on plant leaves, juveniles closely remember
adults minus wings and cocks. Well devloped thorax and elaborate courtship ceremonies
Hemiptera-
most diverse insect order that does not go through complete metamorphosis. Includes insects
referred to as true bugs, posses sucking mouthparts, can very easily be peasts for both crops and
disease
