BSC 108 Exam 3 Kennedy
Questions and Answers Solved
100% Correct!!
The structure of a strand of DNA. - ✅✅ -it is a double helix, like a twisted
ladder.
the ladder rings are nucleotide subunits and they have a covalent bond to
the sugar phosphate backbone (made of deoxyribose and a phosphate
group)
What are the nucleotide subunits? - ✅✅-adenine, guanine, cytosine, and
thymine
✅✅-through a hydrogen bond
How are the subunits held together? -
What are the nucleotide subunits compliments? - ✅✅-Adenine and
thymine
cytosine and guanine
How does DNA replicate? - ✅✅ -the parent strand breaks off into two and
then enzymes (DNA polymerases) attach the complimentary nucleotide to
each side, creating two separate daughter strands
✅✅
What is the location site of where DNA replication begins on the double
helix called? - -the origins of replication
✅✅
What is created when replication proceeds in both directions? -
-replication bubbles, they are created because at the origin the
replication process proceeds in other directions, creating a bubble.
What is the replication forks? - ✅✅ -It is the location where the parent
cells is separating and the complimentary nucleotide is being added
creating the two new strands
How does DNA determine specific traits (phenotypes)? - ✅✅-Phenotypes
, What is the structure of RNA? - ✅✅ -It is a single-stranded nucleic acid.
it is the same as DNA except it uses ribose instead of deoxyribose in the
sugar phosphate backbone and it uses uracil instead of thymine
tRNA - ✅✅ -transfer RNA: translation of the genetic message carried in
the mRNA into the amino acid language of proteins (converts the
three-letter words, codons, of nucleic acids to the amino acid words of
proteins)
What is the function of mRNA? - ✅✅ -Messenger molecules carry the
coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called transcripts.
rRNA - ✅✅ -ribsosomal RNA
makes up ribosomes which are the organelles in the cytoplasm that
coordinate the functioning of mRNA and tRNA and actually make
polypeptides
✅✅
What two processes do genes code for specific proteins? -
-transcription and translation
What is transcription and where does it take place? - ✅✅-Transcription is
the synthesis of mRNA under the direction of DNA, nucleus
What is translation and where does it take place? - ✅✅ -It is the synthesis
of a polypeptide (later becomes a protein) under the direction of mRNA
occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the structure of tRNA? - ✅✅ -It is made of a single strand of RNA.
consisting of about 80 nucleotides. Chain twists and folds upon itself,
forming several double-stranded regions in which short stretches of RNA
base-pair with other stretches. one end has a special triplet of bases called
anticodons. it is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA. on the other
side there is an amino acid attachment site.
What is a mutation? - ✅✅ -It is a change in the genetic material (the
nucleotide sequence) of a cell's DNA.
What is a point mutation? - ✅✅-It is a change in once base pair of a
gene.
What is a plasmid? - ✅✅-A small ring of self-replicating DNA separate
Questions and Answers Solved
100% Correct!!
The structure of a strand of DNA. - ✅✅ -it is a double helix, like a twisted
ladder.
the ladder rings are nucleotide subunits and they have a covalent bond to
the sugar phosphate backbone (made of deoxyribose and a phosphate
group)
What are the nucleotide subunits? - ✅✅-adenine, guanine, cytosine, and
thymine
✅✅-through a hydrogen bond
How are the subunits held together? -
What are the nucleotide subunits compliments? - ✅✅-Adenine and
thymine
cytosine and guanine
How does DNA replicate? - ✅✅ -the parent strand breaks off into two and
then enzymes (DNA polymerases) attach the complimentary nucleotide to
each side, creating two separate daughter strands
✅✅
What is the location site of where DNA replication begins on the double
helix called? - -the origins of replication
✅✅
What is created when replication proceeds in both directions? -
-replication bubbles, they are created because at the origin the
replication process proceeds in other directions, creating a bubble.
What is the replication forks? - ✅✅ -It is the location where the parent
cells is separating and the complimentary nucleotide is being added
creating the two new strands
How does DNA determine specific traits (phenotypes)? - ✅✅-Phenotypes
, What is the structure of RNA? - ✅✅ -It is a single-stranded nucleic acid.
it is the same as DNA except it uses ribose instead of deoxyribose in the
sugar phosphate backbone and it uses uracil instead of thymine
tRNA - ✅✅ -transfer RNA: translation of the genetic message carried in
the mRNA into the amino acid language of proteins (converts the
three-letter words, codons, of nucleic acids to the amino acid words of
proteins)
What is the function of mRNA? - ✅✅ -Messenger molecules carry the
coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called transcripts.
rRNA - ✅✅ -ribsosomal RNA
makes up ribosomes which are the organelles in the cytoplasm that
coordinate the functioning of mRNA and tRNA and actually make
polypeptides
✅✅
What two processes do genes code for specific proteins? -
-transcription and translation
What is transcription and where does it take place? - ✅✅-Transcription is
the synthesis of mRNA under the direction of DNA, nucleus
What is translation and where does it take place? - ✅✅ -It is the synthesis
of a polypeptide (later becomes a protein) under the direction of mRNA
occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the structure of tRNA? - ✅✅ -It is made of a single strand of RNA.
consisting of about 80 nucleotides. Chain twists and folds upon itself,
forming several double-stranded regions in which short stretches of RNA
base-pair with other stretches. one end has a special triplet of bases called
anticodons. it is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA. on the other
side there is an amino acid attachment site.
What is a mutation? - ✅✅ -It is a change in the genetic material (the
nucleotide sequence) of a cell's DNA.
What is a point mutation? - ✅✅-It is a change in once base pair of a
gene.
What is a plasmid? - ✅✅-A small ring of self-replicating DNA separate
