Microbiology straighter line practice exam
phylogeny - -The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______.
-Last Universal Common Ancestor - -The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and
bacteria, all derived from ______.
-always harmful to their host - -Organisms called parasites are ______.
-Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior - -Which of the following does not
indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow?
-Electrons - -The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______.
-respiratory disease - -The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______.
-saturated - -A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2
other carbons and 2 hydrogens.
-lipid - -One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the
Gram stain. In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer
membrane found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol affect?
-95X - -If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the
magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X?
-cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns - -NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria
in samples from Mars, as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good
evidence for the presence of bacterial cells?
-electron - -Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest
magnification?
-a solid medium - -Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient
broth that is then boiled and cooled?
-Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease - -a spongiform encephalopathy of humans
-amphitrichous - -The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______.
-saprobe - -In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the
keratin protein found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does not
apply to Trichophyton?
,-gram-negative - -During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization
of ______ cells.
-80s - -The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______
-Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas most
viruses are between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through. - -Sterilizing filters have a pore
size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true?
-icosahedral - -One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly
spaced corners referred to as a/an _____ capsid.
-fecal oral - -Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through
-lysogeny - -the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome
-envelope - -Which of the following is not associated with every virus?
-palisade - -When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular
arrangement is termed a ______.
-histones - -proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.
-tropisms - -Viral tissue specificities are called ______.
-lophotrichous - -the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a
single site is ______.
-mutualistic - -E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the
body uses. This is best termed a ______ relationship.
-mutualistic - -Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to
synthesize the enzyme cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the end
products of the cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______ relationship.
-lag phase - -The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are
adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the
______.
-hypotonic - -The cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting in ______ conditions.
-photoheterotroph - -This microbe is photosynthetic, but in the absence of light it can use
organic compounds as an energy source. Its carbon source is an organic compound. The
appropriate classification for this organism would be ______.
, -thermoduric microbe - -A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C,
but can survive short exposure to high temperatures is called a(n) ______.
-Noncompetitive inhibition - -the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site
-catalysts for RNA splicing - -Ribozymes are ______.
-coenzymes - -Most electron carriers are ______.
-2 - -what is the usual net production of ATP?
-aerobic cellular respiration - -Exergonic reactions occur during
-one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar - -Each nucleotide is composed of
-deletion and insertion - -A frameshift is caused by ______ mutations.
-genomics refers to the study of an organism's entire genome, whereas proteomics is the study
of expressed proteins - -The fields of genomics and proteomics differ in that
-eukaryotes - -endosymbiotic theory
-adenine-thymine - -Replication of DNA begins at a/an _______ rich area.
-capsid - -A/an _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus.
-hyphae - -The long, thread-like branching cells of molds are called ______.
-the electron transport system - -in which stage of aerobic respiration is water produced?
-generalized transduction - -A bacteriophage transfers a random fragment of DNA of the
previous host to the current host. This is an example of
-capsule - -Which external structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?
-DNA ligase - -Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging strand by
_______.
-taxonomy - -Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of
organisms?
-trace elements - -Microorganisms require small quantities of ______ for enzyme function and
maintenance of protein structure.
phylogeny - -The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______.
-Last Universal Common Ancestor - -The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and
bacteria, all derived from ______.
-always harmful to their host - -Organisms called parasites are ______.
-Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior - -Which of the following does not
indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow?
-Electrons - -The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______.
-respiratory disease - -The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______.
-saturated - -A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2
other carbons and 2 hydrogens.
-lipid - -One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the
Gram stain. In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer
membrane found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol affect?
-95X - -If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the
magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X?
-cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns - -NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria
in samples from Mars, as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good
evidence for the presence of bacterial cells?
-electron - -Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest
magnification?
-a solid medium - -Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient
broth that is then boiled and cooled?
-Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease - -a spongiform encephalopathy of humans
-amphitrichous - -The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______.
-saprobe - -In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the
keratin protein found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does not
apply to Trichophyton?
,-gram-negative - -During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization
of ______ cells.
-80s - -The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______
-Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas most
viruses are between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through. - -Sterilizing filters have a pore
size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true?
-icosahedral - -One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly
spaced corners referred to as a/an _____ capsid.
-fecal oral - -Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through
-lysogeny - -the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome
-envelope - -Which of the following is not associated with every virus?
-palisade - -When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular
arrangement is termed a ______.
-histones - -proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.
-tropisms - -Viral tissue specificities are called ______.
-lophotrichous - -the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a
single site is ______.
-mutualistic - -E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the
body uses. This is best termed a ______ relationship.
-mutualistic - -Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to
synthesize the enzyme cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the end
products of the cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______ relationship.
-lag phase - -The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are
adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the
______.
-hypotonic - -The cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting in ______ conditions.
-photoheterotroph - -This microbe is photosynthetic, but in the absence of light it can use
organic compounds as an energy source. Its carbon source is an organic compound. The
appropriate classification for this organism would be ______.
, -thermoduric microbe - -A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C,
but can survive short exposure to high temperatures is called a(n) ______.
-Noncompetitive inhibition - -the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site
-catalysts for RNA splicing - -Ribozymes are ______.
-coenzymes - -Most electron carriers are ______.
-2 - -what is the usual net production of ATP?
-aerobic cellular respiration - -Exergonic reactions occur during
-one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar - -Each nucleotide is composed of
-deletion and insertion - -A frameshift is caused by ______ mutations.
-genomics refers to the study of an organism's entire genome, whereas proteomics is the study
of expressed proteins - -The fields of genomics and proteomics differ in that
-eukaryotes - -endosymbiotic theory
-adenine-thymine - -Replication of DNA begins at a/an _______ rich area.
-capsid - -A/an _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus.
-hyphae - -The long, thread-like branching cells of molds are called ______.
-the electron transport system - -in which stage of aerobic respiration is water produced?
-generalized transduction - -A bacteriophage transfers a random fragment of DNA of the
previous host to the current host. This is an example of
-capsule - -Which external structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?
-DNA ligase - -Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging strand by
_______.
-taxonomy - -Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of
organisms?
-trace elements - -Microorganisms require small quantities of ______ for enzyme function and
maintenance of protein structure.
