N4410 OB Questions with complete solutions
absence of menses
amenorrhea
painful menstruation
dysmenorrhea
common cause of dysmenorrhea
increased prostaglandin production causing increased uterine contractions
difference between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea
primary has no known cause
secondary has a cause (ex. endometriosis)
painless endometrial bleeding that is prolonged, excessive, and irregular
abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)
DNC, endometrial ablation, and hysterectomy are surgical options for what disorder?
AUB
recurrent symptoms that occur during the last half of menstruation
(occurs right before period, then goes away once beginning period)
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
medications given for PMS
,NSAIDS, low dose oral contraceptives, SSRI's, diuretics
when functional endometrial tissue plants itself in areas other than the uterine cavity
endometriosis
endometriosis is an _________ disease which affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes, all of
uterus, bowels, anus, and pelvis
estrogen
number one symptom of endometriosis
painful menses
treatment options for endometriosis are based on what two criteria?
desire for fertility and degree of disease
inability to conceive a child after one year of regular (unprotected) sexual intercourse
infertility
inability to conceive after one pregnancy
secondary infertility
main causes of female-factor infertility
ovarian dysfunction/failure, endometriosis, anovulation
main causes of male-factor infertility
low or absent sperm numbers, erectile dysfunction
avoidable male infertility risk factors
,genitals exposed to increased temperature (sauna, hot tub), smoking, alcohol consumption,
exposed to toxic substances, marathon running/biking
unavoidable female infertility risk factors
PID, tubal pregnancy or removal, over 27 years old, chromosomal issues, chronic diseases,
psychological damage
medication to promote ovulation, used to treat infertility
Clomid
what is the most common side effect with Clomid?
hot flashes
another option for infertility medication (IM)
Pergonal
infertility treatment where eggs are fertilized in the lab and transfered to the uterus
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
infertility treatment when semen sample is placed into cervical opening
intrauterine insemination
behavioral methods of contraception
abstinence, fertility awareness, withdrawal
barrier methods of contraception
condom, diaphragm, cervical cap
, hormonal methods of contraception
oral, vaginal, patch, shot, implant
sterile methods of contraception
tubal ligation and vasectomy
what method of contraceptives does this describe?
refraining from sex during fertile period
fertility awareness
using the cervical mucous ovulation method, changes in vaginal discharge is monitored.
describe what changes occur during versus after ovulation
during: abundant, clean, and stretchy
after: dry and thick
using the basal body temperature method of contraception, when would the temperature
be measured?
as soon as she wakes up
will temperature spike or drop when ovulation is occurring using the basal body
temperature method?
temperature spikes during ovulation
rises 2 days after ovulation begins, remains elevated for 2 weeks
absence of menses
amenorrhea
painful menstruation
dysmenorrhea
common cause of dysmenorrhea
increased prostaglandin production causing increased uterine contractions
difference between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea
primary has no known cause
secondary has a cause (ex. endometriosis)
painless endometrial bleeding that is prolonged, excessive, and irregular
abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)
DNC, endometrial ablation, and hysterectomy are surgical options for what disorder?
AUB
recurrent symptoms that occur during the last half of menstruation
(occurs right before period, then goes away once beginning period)
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
medications given for PMS
,NSAIDS, low dose oral contraceptives, SSRI's, diuretics
when functional endometrial tissue plants itself in areas other than the uterine cavity
endometriosis
endometriosis is an _________ disease which affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes, all of
uterus, bowels, anus, and pelvis
estrogen
number one symptom of endometriosis
painful menses
treatment options for endometriosis are based on what two criteria?
desire for fertility and degree of disease
inability to conceive a child after one year of regular (unprotected) sexual intercourse
infertility
inability to conceive after one pregnancy
secondary infertility
main causes of female-factor infertility
ovarian dysfunction/failure, endometriosis, anovulation
main causes of male-factor infertility
low or absent sperm numbers, erectile dysfunction
avoidable male infertility risk factors
,genitals exposed to increased temperature (sauna, hot tub), smoking, alcohol consumption,
exposed to toxic substances, marathon running/biking
unavoidable female infertility risk factors
PID, tubal pregnancy or removal, over 27 years old, chromosomal issues, chronic diseases,
psychological damage
medication to promote ovulation, used to treat infertility
Clomid
what is the most common side effect with Clomid?
hot flashes
another option for infertility medication (IM)
Pergonal
infertility treatment where eggs are fertilized in the lab and transfered to the uterus
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
infertility treatment when semen sample is placed into cervical opening
intrauterine insemination
behavioral methods of contraception
abstinence, fertility awareness, withdrawal
barrier methods of contraception
condom, diaphragm, cervical cap
, hormonal methods of contraception
oral, vaginal, patch, shot, implant
sterile methods of contraception
tubal ligation and vasectomy
what method of contraceptives does this describe?
refraining from sex during fertile period
fertility awareness
using the cervical mucous ovulation method, changes in vaginal discharge is monitored.
describe what changes occur during versus after ovulation
during: abundant, clean, and stretchy
after: dry and thick
using the basal body temperature method of contraception, when would the temperature
be measured?
as soon as she wakes up
will temperature spike or drop when ovulation is occurring using the basal body
temperature method?
temperature spikes during ovulation
rises 2 days after ovulation begins, remains elevated for 2 weeks
