ONS/ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY
IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS LATEST
1. Lesson 1: foundations to set the stage - correct answer ✔✔ -
2. Focusing on cellular structure and function - correct answer ✔✔ -
3. The normal cell cycle - correct answer ✔✔ - -the cell cycle refers to the
ordered seres of processes of dna replication and mitosis, or cell division
4. -cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing
complexes molecular information
5. Interphase and mitotic phase - correct answer ✔✔ - cell division produces
two identical cells through these two major phases
6. During interphase: - correct answer ✔✔ - cell grows and dna is replicated
through the following three steps:
1: first growth phase (g1 or first gap)
2: synthesis phase (s phase)
3:mitotic phse (m phase)
7. First growth phase (g1 or first gap) - correct answer ✔✔ - -cells increase in
size
-reproduce
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis dna
-length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
8. Synthesis phase (s phase) - correct answer ✔✔ - -dna replicates
-results in the formation of identical pairs of dna (chromatids)
-which are attached at the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
9. Mitotic phase (m phase) - correct answer ✔✔ - -replicated chromosomes
are aligned, separated, and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
1
,10.Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from - correct answer ✔✔
- -g1 checkpoint
-s phase
g2 checkpoint
-m phase
11.Restriction point - correct answer ✔✔ - -the transition from the resting
phase into an actively dividing phase (g0-g1) is a point where cellular
transformation can occur
-during this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction
point
-extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into g1, and gf are required to
send the cells past the restriction point, or the point of no return
12.G0 phase (resting phase) - correct answer ✔✔ - -after mitosis, cells may
enter back into the g1 phase or go into a resting phase, known as g0
-most cells in the human body reside in g0
13.Exceptions to this are those that are (resting in g0 phase) - correct answer
✔✔ - -exceptions to this are those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the gi tract
14.Cell cycling time - correct answer ✔✔ - amount of time from mitosis to
mitosis
15.Cell cycle video and image - correct answer ✔✔ -
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/
animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
16.Check points in the cell cycle: keeping it all under control - correct answer
✔✔ - -the cell cycle is carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
-variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division
can alter the genetic information passed on to daughter cells, leading to
cellular dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
-these checkpoints monitor for dna integrity and control progression through
mitosis
2
, 17.Progression through the cell cycle is controlled through two proteins: -
correct answer ✔✔ - 1. Cyclines (d, e, a, b)
2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks)
-cyclin-cdk complex allows the cell to progress through each phase of the
cell cycle
18.Locations of proteins cyclins (d, e, a, b) and cdks - correct answer ✔✔ - -
(g0-g1) : cyclin d and cdk 4/6
-early s: cyclin e and cdk 1/2
-late s: cyclin a and cdk 1/2
-g2: cdk 1/2 and cyclin a
-before m: cdk 1 and cyclin b
19.Inhibitory proteins - correct answer ✔✔ - -prevent progression of the cycle
when dna damage is detected
-an example of an inhibitory protein is p53 (aka tp53)
20.Dna damage checkpoints - correct answer ✔✔ - -if dna damage is present,
cells are programmed to stop dividing or undergo apoptosis (programmed
cell death)
-the retinoblastoma protein (rb), p53, and p21 are some of the most well-
understood inhibitory proteins (ip)
21.Inhibitory proteins p53 - correct answer ✔✔ - -levels of this ip regulate
several important target genes
-will increase when dna damage is present
-protects against inappropriate signal proliferation
-sometimes called the "suicide gene"
22.M phase checkpoints - correct answer ✔✔ - when the cells prepare to
divide, the chromosomes line up in the mitotic spindle.
If the chromosomes are not properly aligned, division is not allowed to continue
23.Immunity - correct answer ✔✔ -
24.Cells of the immune system - correct answer ✔✔ -
25.Pluripotent stem cell - correct answer ✔✔ - -the cells of the immune system
are created in the bome marrow from what is know as a ___
3
IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS LATEST
1. Lesson 1: foundations to set the stage - correct answer ✔✔ -
2. Focusing on cellular structure and function - correct answer ✔✔ -
3. The normal cell cycle - correct answer ✔✔ - -the cell cycle refers to the
ordered seres of processes of dna replication and mitosis, or cell division
4. -cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing
complexes molecular information
5. Interphase and mitotic phase - correct answer ✔✔ - cell division produces
two identical cells through these two major phases
6. During interphase: - correct answer ✔✔ - cell grows and dna is replicated
through the following three steps:
1: first growth phase (g1 or first gap)
2: synthesis phase (s phase)
3:mitotic phse (m phase)
7. First growth phase (g1 or first gap) - correct answer ✔✔ - -cells increase in
size
-reproduce
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis dna
-length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
8. Synthesis phase (s phase) - correct answer ✔✔ - -dna replicates
-results in the formation of identical pairs of dna (chromatids)
-which are attached at the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
9. Mitotic phase (m phase) - correct answer ✔✔ - -replicated chromosomes
are aligned, separated, and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
1
,10.Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from - correct answer ✔✔
- -g1 checkpoint
-s phase
g2 checkpoint
-m phase
11.Restriction point - correct answer ✔✔ - -the transition from the resting
phase into an actively dividing phase (g0-g1) is a point where cellular
transformation can occur
-during this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction
point
-extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into g1, and gf are required to
send the cells past the restriction point, or the point of no return
12.G0 phase (resting phase) - correct answer ✔✔ - -after mitosis, cells may
enter back into the g1 phase or go into a resting phase, known as g0
-most cells in the human body reside in g0
13.Exceptions to this are those that are (resting in g0 phase) - correct answer
✔✔ - -exceptions to this are those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the gi tract
14.Cell cycling time - correct answer ✔✔ - amount of time from mitosis to
mitosis
15.Cell cycle video and image - correct answer ✔✔ -
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/
animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
16.Check points in the cell cycle: keeping it all under control - correct answer
✔✔ - -the cell cycle is carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
-variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division
can alter the genetic information passed on to daughter cells, leading to
cellular dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
-these checkpoints monitor for dna integrity and control progression through
mitosis
2
, 17.Progression through the cell cycle is controlled through two proteins: -
correct answer ✔✔ - 1. Cyclines (d, e, a, b)
2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks)
-cyclin-cdk complex allows the cell to progress through each phase of the
cell cycle
18.Locations of proteins cyclins (d, e, a, b) and cdks - correct answer ✔✔ - -
(g0-g1) : cyclin d and cdk 4/6
-early s: cyclin e and cdk 1/2
-late s: cyclin a and cdk 1/2
-g2: cdk 1/2 and cyclin a
-before m: cdk 1 and cyclin b
19.Inhibitory proteins - correct answer ✔✔ - -prevent progression of the cycle
when dna damage is detected
-an example of an inhibitory protein is p53 (aka tp53)
20.Dna damage checkpoints - correct answer ✔✔ - -if dna damage is present,
cells are programmed to stop dividing or undergo apoptosis (programmed
cell death)
-the retinoblastoma protein (rb), p53, and p21 are some of the most well-
understood inhibitory proteins (ip)
21.Inhibitory proteins p53 - correct answer ✔✔ - -levels of this ip regulate
several important target genes
-will increase when dna damage is present
-protects against inappropriate signal proliferation
-sometimes called the "suicide gene"
22.M phase checkpoints - correct answer ✔✔ - when the cells prepare to
divide, the chromosomes line up in the mitotic spindle.
If the chromosomes are not properly aligned, division is not allowed to continue
23.Immunity - correct answer ✔✔ -
24.Cells of the immune system - correct answer ✔✔ -
25.Pluripotent stem cell - correct answer ✔✔ - -the cells of the immune system
are created in the bome marrow from what is know as a ___
3
