CS101 – Introduction to Computer
Science (Final Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions 2025/2026)
1. What is abs(x)? - ANSWER ✔ A function that returns
the absolute value of x
2. What is round(x)? - ANSWER ✔ A function that rounds
x to the nearest whole number
3. What are the three basic programming structures? -
ANSWER ✔ Sequence, selection, and loop
4. What is sequence structure? - ANSWER ✔ A set of
instructions executed in order, one after another
5. What is selection structure? - ANSWER ✔ A decision-
making structure that executes code based on a
condition
,6. What is a Boolean expression? - ANSWER ✔ An
expression that evaluates to true or false
7. What is a single-alternative if structure? - ANSWER ✔
An if condition with only one outcome if true
8. What is a dual-alternative if structure? - ANSWER ✔
An if-else structure with outcomes for both true and
false
9. What is turnaround time? - ANSWER ✔ Time from job
submission to job completion
10. What is main memory used for? - ANSWER ✔
Temporarily storing data and instructions during
execution
11. What is secondary memory? - ANSWER ✔
Persistent storage like hard drives and SSDs
,12. What is volatile memory? - ANSWER ✔ Memory
(like RAM) that loses data when power is off
13. What is the most common secondary storage device?
- ANSWER ✔ Magnetic disk drive
14. What is a file? - ANSWER ✔ A named collection of
data stored on a storage device
15. How does organizing data into files help? -
ANSWER ✔ Provides uniform access and easier data
management
16. What is the difference between text and binary files?
- ANSWER ✔ Text = readable characters; binary =
machine-encoded data
, 17. What kind of data do image formats like JPEG store?
- ANSWER ✔ Binary data representing visual
information
18. What is a file extension? - ANSWER ✔ A suffix
(e.g., .txt, .jpg) indicating the file type
19. Does changing a file extension change its type? -
ANSWER ✔ No, only the label changes, not the
content
20. What happens when you create a file? - ANSWER ✔
Storage is allocated and file metadata is recorded
21. What happens when you delete a file? - ANSWER ✔
Storage is freed and directory entry is removed
22. What are common file operations? - ANSWER ✔
Create, delete, open, read, write, append, truncate,
rename
Science (Final Exam Questions With
Complete Solutions 2025/2026)
1. What is abs(x)? - ANSWER ✔ A function that returns
the absolute value of x
2. What is round(x)? - ANSWER ✔ A function that rounds
x to the nearest whole number
3. What are the three basic programming structures? -
ANSWER ✔ Sequence, selection, and loop
4. What is sequence structure? - ANSWER ✔ A set of
instructions executed in order, one after another
5. What is selection structure? - ANSWER ✔ A decision-
making structure that executes code based on a
condition
,6. What is a Boolean expression? - ANSWER ✔ An
expression that evaluates to true or false
7. What is a single-alternative if structure? - ANSWER ✔
An if condition with only one outcome if true
8. What is a dual-alternative if structure? - ANSWER ✔
An if-else structure with outcomes for both true and
false
9. What is turnaround time? - ANSWER ✔ Time from job
submission to job completion
10. What is main memory used for? - ANSWER ✔
Temporarily storing data and instructions during
execution
11. What is secondary memory? - ANSWER ✔
Persistent storage like hard drives and SSDs
,12. What is volatile memory? - ANSWER ✔ Memory
(like RAM) that loses data when power is off
13. What is the most common secondary storage device?
- ANSWER ✔ Magnetic disk drive
14. What is a file? - ANSWER ✔ A named collection of
data stored on a storage device
15. How does organizing data into files help? -
ANSWER ✔ Provides uniform access and easier data
management
16. What is the difference between text and binary files?
- ANSWER ✔ Text = readable characters; binary =
machine-encoded data
, 17. What kind of data do image formats like JPEG store?
- ANSWER ✔ Binary data representing visual
information
18. What is a file extension? - ANSWER ✔ A suffix
(e.g., .txt, .jpg) indicating the file type
19. Does changing a file extension change its type? -
ANSWER ✔ No, only the label changes, not the
content
20. What happens when you create a file? - ANSWER ✔
Storage is allocated and file metadata is recorded
21. What happens when you delete a file? - ANSWER ✔
Storage is freed and directory entry is removed
22. What are common file operations? - ANSWER ✔
Create, delete, open, read, write, append, truncate,
rename
