COMD 4500 FINAL Exam Questions
With Complete Solutions | Sure to Pass |
Latest Update 2025/2026 | Already
Graded A+.
1. Rancho scale - ANSWERwidely used 1-10 scale.
higher number of cognitive functions. useful to track
progress during recovery. Clinicians rate conditions
based on observation.
2. Speech that sounds intoxicated - ANSWERataxic
dysarthria - cerebellar damage: strength normal but
disrupted coordination, regulation, and movements are
clumsy
3. Apraxia vs. dysarthria (programming vs. execution) -
ANSWERapraxia: speech planning/programming
deficit.Dysarthria: neuromuscular speech production
deficit (movment execution)
4. Typical progression of MS - ANSWERCentral Nervous
system demyelination
follows relapsing-remitting course
, mostly ataxic dysarthria
5. Typical progression of PD - ANSWERhypokinesia,
rigidity, tremor
degeneration of dopamine producing cells
limb symptoms respond to drugs
6. Typical progression of ALS - ANSWERGradual death
of upper and lower motor neurons
progressive, terminal, usually within 3 years
7. Penetration vs. aspiration in dysphagia -
ANSWERAspiration: food, fluid, or secretions pass the
folds, and material enters the tracheaPenetration:
material enters the larynx and does not pass below the
folds.
8. Modified barium swallow pros and cons -
ANSWERPROS:
-progression of bolus
-location of pooling, residue after swallow
-can visualize structures
CONS: radiation risk
,9. FEES to assess swallowing pros and cons -
ANSWERPROS:
good view of residue after swallow
good view of breath-holding abilities
no radiation exposure
CONS: no view of oral phase
image blocked during pharyngeal phase
10. Non-oral feeding options - ANSWERNG tube
through nose- usually short term (4-6 weeks) increase
reflux riskPEG feeding- allows for long term
feedingTPN- bypasses digestive tract, nutrients
delivered through blood stream
11. Laryngeal cartilages - where each is located -
ANSWEREpiglottis
thyroid cartilage
arytenoid cartilage
corniculate cartilages
, 12. Intrinsic laryngeal muscles - location and function -
what does each one do? - ANSWERCricothyroid
Muscle: lengthening (+ tension) of vocal ligaments
PCA and LCA: adduction of vocal ligaments
TA: adduct vocal ligaments
IA: relax vocal ligaments
13. Laryngeal muscles - which are agonist/antagonist
pairs (oppose each other)? - ANSWERPCA & LCA -
PCA(abduction of Vocal Ligaments) LCA (adduction
of vocal lig)
IA (adduction of vocal ligaments)
CT & TA - CT (lengthening vocal ligaments) TA-
(shortening vocal ligaments)
14. What qualifies as a voice disorder? -
ANSWERDisorder voice=improper movement
-changes in vocal fold anatomy- congenital growths,
structural changes, acquired mass lesions
-Changes in neuromuscular control- nervous system
damage/disorder
central or peripheral
With Complete Solutions | Sure to Pass |
Latest Update 2025/2026 | Already
Graded A+.
1. Rancho scale - ANSWERwidely used 1-10 scale.
higher number of cognitive functions. useful to track
progress during recovery. Clinicians rate conditions
based on observation.
2. Speech that sounds intoxicated - ANSWERataxic
dysarthria - cerebellar damage: strength normal but
disrupted coordination, regulation, and movements are
clumsy
3. Apraxia vs. dysarthria (programming vs. execution) -
ANSWERapraxia: speech planning/programming
deficit.Dysarthria: neuromuscular speech production
deficit (movment execution)
4. Typical progression of MS - ANSWERCentral Nervous
system demyelination
follows relapsing-remitting course
, mostly ataxic dysarthria
5. Typical progression of PD - ANSWERhypokinesia,
rigidity, tremor
degeneration of dopamine producing cells
limb symptoms respond to drugs
6. Typical progression of ALS - ANSWERGradual death
of upper and lower motor neurons
progressive, terminal, usually within 3 years
7. Penetration vs. aspiration in dysphagia -
ANSWERAspiration: food, fluid, or secretions pass the
folds, and material enters the tracheaPenetration:
material enters the larynx and does not pass below the
folds.
8. Modified barium swallow pros and cons -
ANSWERPROS:
-progression of bolus
-location of pooling, residue after swallow
-can visualize structures
CONS: radiation risk
,9. FEES to assess swallowing pros and cons -
ANSWERPROS:
good view of residue after swallow
good view of breath-holding abilities
no radiation exposure
CONS: no view of oral phase
image blocked during pharyngeal phase
10. Non-oral feeding options - ANSWERNG tube
through nose- usually short term (4-6 weeks) increase
reflux riskPEG feeding- allows for long term
feedingTPN- bypasses digestive tract, nutrients
delivered through blood stream
11. Laryngeal cartilages - where each is located -
ANSWEREpiglottis
thyroid cartilage
arytenoid cartilage
corniculate cartilages
, 12. Intrinsic laryngeal muscles - location and function -
what does each one do? - ANSWERCricothyroid
Muscle: lengthening (+ tension) of vocal ligaments
PCA and LCA: adduction of vocal ligaments
TA: adduct vocal ligaments
IA: relax vocal ligaments
13. Laryngeal muscles - which are agonist/antagonist
pairs (oppose each other)? - ANSWERPCA & LCA -
PCA(abduction of Vocal Ligaments) LCA (adduction
of vocal lig)
IA (adduction of vocal ligaments)
CT & TA - CT (lengthening vocal ligaments) TA-
(shortening vocal ligaments)
14. What qualifies as a voice disorder? -
ANSWERDisorder voice=improper movement
-changes in vocal fold anatomy- congenital growths,
structural changes, acquired mass lesions
-Changes in neuromuscular control- nervous system
damage/disorder
central or peripheral
