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What does an analytical chemist do? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Identifying what is in
an unknown is called qualitative analysis. Identifying how much is present
is called quantitative analysis.
Describe the steps in a chemical analysis. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1) What do you
want to know? -What substance (analyte) are you looking for? 2) Select
appropriate procedures -Literature Search -New Procedure 3) Gathering
Representative Samples -Random heterogeneous material-Segregated
heterogeneous material
4) Preparing Samples for Analysis 5) The Actual Analysis 6) Setting Up
Calibration Curves 7) What Do The Results Mean? 8) Reporting your
Results-A complete report, including a discussion of the limitations of the
,data and the analysis. 9) Drawing Conclusions-how can this Information be
used
SI units - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔meter m: kilogram kg: second s: current ampere
A: temperature kelvin K: candela cd: mole mol:
Prefixes - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔yotta- (Y-) 10²⁴: zetta- (Z-)10²¹: exa- (E-) 10¹⁸:
peta- (P-)10¹⁵: tera- (T-)10¹²: giga- (G-)10⁹: mega- (M-) 10⁶: kilo- (k-)10³:
hecto- (h-)10²: deka- (da-)**10: deci- (d-)10⁻¹: centi- (c-)10⁻²: milli- (m-)10⁻³:
micro- (µ-)10⁻⁶: nano- (n-)10⁻⁹: pico- (p-)10⁻¹²: femto- (f-)
10⁻¹⁵: atto- (a-)10⁻¹⁸: zepto- (z-)10⁻²¹: yocto- (y-)10⁻²⁴
Dilution of Solutions - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔M1V1=M2V2
Molarity - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Moles of solute per liter of solvent.
Molality - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
Titration - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A solution of known concentration is used to
determine the concentration of another solution.
Titrant - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A titrant is a chemical reagent with known
concentration, which is added to the analyte during the process of titration,
in order to calculate the concentration of the analyte in the solution.
, The Equivalence Point - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Point in a titration when there are
"equivalent" amounts of titrant and analyte.
Standard Solution - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The titrant (solution concentration
known with high accuracy).
End Point - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Point in a titration when some noticeable signal
indicates equivalence point. The END point and EQUIVALENCE point may
not be the same.
Primary Standard - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Highly purified compound that is used
as a reference material to "standardize" solutions.STABLE, READILY
AVAILABLE, GOOD SOLUBILITY, and LARGE MOLECULAR MASS.
How is the end point detected? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Commonly relies on
electrodes or indicators.
What is titration error? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The difference between the end
point and the equivalence point. Error can be reduced by subtracting
results of a blank titration,(same procedure in absence of analyte), or by
standardizing the titrant.
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