PJM Review UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
There are only two categories of reserves that are essential and therefore need to be tracked
during system restoration. - CORRECT ANSWER Dynamic Reserve and Synchronous
Reserve
This _______________ Reserve may be either on-line generation that can be loaded within 10
minutes or load that can be shed manually within 10 minutes. - CORRECT
ANSWER Synchronous Reserve
__________________ Reserve is the amount of reserve that is available in order to preserve the
system during a frequency disturbance. Therefore, the amount of ___________ Reserve should
be enough to allow the system to survive the loss of the largest energy contingency. - CORRECT
ANSWER Dynamic Reserve
The amount of Dynamic Reserve needed can be determined by analysis of generator "load pick-
up factors" for units paralleled to the system. The load pick up factors are ____ % steam, ___ %
for hydro and ___ % for CT's. - CORRECT ANSWER 5% for fossil steam
15% for hydro
25% for combustion turbines
Transmission path from a Black Start unit to another generator with the intent to facilitate startup
of that generator to aid in the restoration process. - CORRECT ANSWER Cranking Path
Generation Owners must notify PJM and Transmission Owners if a critical black start fuel
resource at maximum stated output falls below _______ hours. - CORRECT ANSWER 10
hours
Synchronized Reserves are supplied from ___________ minute synchronized generating
resources (i.e., Spinning Reserves) and _________ minute demand-side response resources. -
CORRECT ANSWER 10 Minutes
, issued one or more days in advance of the operating day. General in nature and for elevated
awareness only. No preparations required. - CORRECT ANSWER Advisory
issued one or more days in advance of the operating day for elevated awareness and to give time
for advanced preparations. - CORRECT ANSWER Alerts
issued real-time, typically preceding, and with an estimated time/window for a potential future
action. - CORRECT ANSWER Warnings
issued real-time and requires PJM and/or Member response - CORRECT
ANSWER Actions
The purpose of the _________________________ is to increase the PJM RTO generation above
the maximum economic level. It is implemented whenever generation is needed that is greater
than the highest incremental cost. - CORRECT ANSWER Maximum Emergency
Generation
A ________________ is implemented when the PJM RTO cannot provide adequate capacity to
meet the PJM RTO's load or critically overloaded transmission lines - CORRECT
ANSWER Manual Load Dump
Oil, coal or gas-fired steam units are removed from dispatch to Maximum Emergency when their
fuel inventory is less than _____________ hours. The concept is that _____________ hours at
rated output equals two 16-hour periods over a two-day period. - CORRECT ANSWER 32
Hours
Gas fired CTs with less than 8 hours of fuel should be reported as ________________
Generation (8 hours is equal to two 4-hour peak load periods for a resource with daily
restrictions). - CORRECT ANSWER Maximum Emergency
Questions and CORRECT Answers
There are only two categories of reserves that are essential and therefore need to be tracked
during system restoration. - CORRECT ANSWER Dynamic Reserve and Synchronous
Reserve
This _______________ Reserve may be either on-line generation that can be loaded within 10
minutes or load that can be shed manually within 10 minutes. - CORRECT
ANSWER Synchronous Reserve
__________________ Reserve is the amount of reserve that is available in order to preserve the
system during a frequency disturbance. Therefore, the amount of ___________ Reserve should
be enough to allow the system to survive the loss of the largest energy contingency. - CORRECT
ANSWER Dynamic Reserve
The amount of Dynamic Reserve needed can be determined by analysis of generator "load pick-
up factors" for units paralleled to the system. The load pick up factors are ____ % steam, ___ %
for hydro and ___ % for CT's. - CORRECT ANSWER 5% for fossil steam
15% for hydro
25% for combustion turbines
Transmission path from a Black Start unit to another generator with the intent to facilitate startup
of that generator to aid in the restoration process. - CORRECT ANSWER Cranking Path
Generation Owners must notify PJM and Transmission Owners if a critical black start fuel
resource at maximum stated output falls below _______ hours. - CORRECT ANSWER 10
hours
Synchronized Reserves are supplied from ___________ minute synchronized generating
resources (i.e., Spinning Reserves) and _________ minute demand-side response resources. -
CORRECT ANSWER 10 Minutes
, issued one or more days in advance of the operating day. General in nature and for elevated
awareness only. No preparations required. - CORRECT ANSWER Advisory
issued one or more days in advance of the operating day for elevated awareness and to give time
for advanced preparations. - CORRECT ANSWER Alerts
issued real-time, typically preceding, and with an estimated time/window for a potential future
action. - CORRECT ANSWER Warnings
issued real-time and requires PJM and/or Member response - CORRECT
ANSWER Actions
The purpose of the _________________________ is to increase the PJM RTO generation above
the maximum economic level. It is implemented whenever generation is needed that is greater
than the highest incremental cost. - CORRECT ANSWER Maximum Emergency
Generation
A ________________ is implemented when the PJM RTO cannot provide adequate capacity to
meet the PJM RTO's load or critically overloaded transmission lines - CORRECT
ANSWER Manual Load Dump
Oil, coal or gas-fired steam units are removed from dispatch to Maximum Emergency when their
fuel inventory is less than _____________ hours. The concept is that _____________ hours at
rated output equals two 16-hour periods over a two-day period. - CORRECT ANSWER 32
Hours
Gas fired CTs with less than 8 hours of fuel should be reported as ________________
Generation (8 hours is equal to two 4-hour peak load periods for a resource with daily
restrictions). - CORRECT ANSWER Maximum Emergency
