Pathophysiology Final Rasmussen University Winter 2025|2026
Questions And Answers
1. Traumatic
• Usually caused by a sudden and violent blow or jolt to the head (closed
Brain Injury
injury) or a penetrating (open injury) head wound that disrupts the
normal brain function.
2. Traumatic • The injury can bruise the brain, damage nerve fibers, and cause
hemorrhaging.
Brain Injury
Complica- Complications
tions
-Can occur from one significant event or multiple mild events
-Changes in thinking, sensation, language, or emotions
-Seizures
-Alzheimer's disease
-Parkinson's disease
-Memory decline
-Depression
-Death
3. Concussion A condition associated with closed TBIs
momentary interruption of brain function
• Usually results from a mild blow to the head that causes sudden
movement of the brain, disrupting neurologic functioning.
• May or may not lead to a loss of consciousness.
• Amnesia, confusion, sleep disturbances, and headaches may
occur for weeks or months.
4. Traumatic Manifestations
Brain Injury
Manifesta- • May be vague and develop slowly, or may be sudden and severe.
tions • Symptoms may improve and then suddenly worsen.
• The outward appearance of the head is not an indication of the injur
1/
61
, Pathophysiology Final Rasmussen University Winter 2025|2026
Questions And Answers
severity.
• Not being able to recall
event details
2/
61
, Pathophysiology Final Rasmussen University Winter 2025|2026
Questions And Answers
• Indications of a concussion
• Changes in or unequal pupil size
• Seizures
• Asymmetrical facial features
• Fluid draining from the nose, mouth, or ears
• Fracture of skull or face
• Bruising of face
• Swelling at site of injury
• Scalp wound
• Impaired hearing, smell, taste, speech, or vision
• Inability to move one or more limbs
• Irritability (especially in children)
• Personality changes
• Unusual behavior
• Loss of consciousness
• Bradypnea
• Hypotension
• Restlessness
• Lack of coordination
• Lethargy
• Stitt neck
• Vomiting
5. Traumatic • Diagnosis: history, physical examination (including using the
Brain Injury Glasgow Coma scale), head computed tomography, head magnetic
Diagnosis and resonance imaging, and ICP monitoring
Treatment
• Treatment: rest, analgesics (specifically acetaminophen [Tylenol]),
cold com- presses, osmotic diuretics (e.g., mannitol), antiseizure agents,
sedatives, surgery, rehabilitation (e.g., physical, speech, and
3/
61
, Pathophysiology Final Rasmussen University Winter 2025|2026
Questions And Answers
occupational therapy)
4/
61
Questions And Answers
1. Traumatic
• Usually caused by a sudden and violent blow or jolt to the head (closed
Brain Injury
injury) or a penetrating (open injury) head wound that disrupts the
normal brain function.
2. Traumatic • The injury can bruise the brain, damage nerve fibers, and cause
hemorrhaging.
Brain Injury
Complica- Complications
tions
-Can occur from one significant event or multiple mild events
-Changes in thinking, sensation, language, or emotions
-Seizures
-Alzheimer's disease
-Parkinson's disease
-Memory decline
-Depression
-Death
3. Concussion A condition associated with closed TBIs
momentary interruption of brain function
• Usually results from a mild blow to the head that causes sudden
movement of the brain, disrupting neurologic functioning.
• May or may not lead to a loss of consciousness.
• Amnesia, confusion, sleep disturbances, and headaches may
occur for weeks or months.
4. Traumatic Manifestations
Brain Injury
Manifesta- • May be vague and develop slowly, or may be sudden and severe.
tions • Symptoms may improve and then suddenly worsen.
• The outward appearance of the head is not an indication of the injur
1/
61
, Pathophysiology Final Rasmussen University Winter 2025|2026
Questions And Answers
severity.
• Not being able to recall
event details
2/
61
, Pathophysiology Final Rasmussen University Winter 2025|2026
Questions And Answers
• Indications of a concussion
• Changes in or unequal pupil size
• Seizures
• Asymmetrical facial features
• Fluid draining from the nose, mouth, or ears
• Fracture of skull or face
• Bruising of face
• Swelling at site of injury
• Scalp wound
• Impaired hearing, smell, taste, speech, or vision
• Inability to move one or more limbs
• Irritability (especially in children)
• Personality changes
• Unusual behavior
• Loss of consciousness
• Bradypnea
• Hypotension
• Restlessness
• Lack of coordination
• Lethargy
• Stitt neck
• Vomiting
5. Traumatic • Diagnosis: history, physical examination (including using the
Brain Injury Glasgow Coma scale), head computed tomography, head magnetic
Diagnosis and resonance imaging, and ICP monitoring
Treatment
• Treatment: rest, analgesics (specifically acetaminophen [Tylenol]),
cold com- presses, osmotic diuretics (e.g., mannitol), antiseizure agents,
sedatives, surgery, rehabilitation (e.g., physical, speech, and
3/
61
, Pathophysiology Final Rasmussen University Winter 2025|2026
Questions And Answers
occupational therapy)
4/
61
