"Concordia University St. Paul – NUR 378:
Pharmacology Exam 1 (2025) – Verified
Questions and Answers Study Guide"
What are the effects of kidney disease on drugs excreted by the kidneys? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔✔Kidney disease can reduce drug excretion causing drugs to accumulate in the body.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of medications? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Advantages:
medications have a therapeutic objective which is to provide maximum benefit with minimal harm.
Disadvantages: unwanted side effects, drug-drug/food interactions, narrow therapeutic index,
toxicity, paradoxical effect, idiosyncratic effect, allergic reaction, teratogenicity, and iatrogenic
disease.
How can nonpharmacologic treatments affect pharmacologic treatments? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔✔Nondrug measures can help promote therapeutic effects and should be included in
the plan of care.
How does medication compliance affect therapeutic effects of medications? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔✔Adherence is essential to achieve therapeutic objective of a drug.
Describe the principles of pharmacodynamics. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Pharmacodynamics is: the
study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on the body and the molecular mechanisms
by which those effects are produced.
1: Dose-response relationship
Size of an administered dose and the intensity of the response produced.
2: Drug-receptor interactions
Because most drugs work at the receptor level to alter the physiological function and produce its
effects.
3: therapeutic index:
Lower the index = less amount of the drug needed before it is lethal.
What are the priorities of the nurse after administering new medications to a patient? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔✔- Evaluate clients' response to medications
, - Use knowledge of therapeutic effect and common adverse effects to compare expected outcomes
with actual findings
- Identify adverse effects
- Notify provider of all errors, and implement corrective measures immediately
How does a patient with CYP2C9 variant metabolize warfarin? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔The variant
causes Warfarin to be metabolized slowly and accumulate in the body to a dangerous level. =
TOXICITY
What is the nurse's responsibilities before administering any medication? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔-
Knowledge about the medication being administered
- Obtaining information regarding medical diagnosis and conditions that might affect medication
administration
- Obtain necessary preadmission data
- Determine whether the medication prescription is complete
- Identify client outcomes for medication administration
- Set priorities
Define "Off Label" medication use. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Unapproved use of an approved drug
What is the purpose of enteric coating on medication? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Used as a barrier to
prevent the gastric acids from dissolving or degrading the drugs after ingesting them.
Describe the blood -brain barrier and its effects on drugs. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔BBB is a unique
anatomy of capillaries in the CNS with tight junctions between them that prevent drug passage into
the CNS. Only drugs that are lipid soluble or have a transport system can cross the BBB to a
significant degree.
How should medications be given for patients with dysphagia? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Some
medications can be given in a liquid form, or sprinkles, or can be crushed
Why is it important for antimicrobial testing prior to starting an antibiotic? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔✔Because some patients might be allergic to antibiotics and can go into anaphylaxis.
Pharmacology Exam 1 (2025) – Verified
Questions and Answers Study Guide"
What are the effects of kidney disease on drugs excreted by the kidneys? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔✔Kidney disease can reduce drug excretion causing drugs to accumulate in the body.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of medications? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Advantages:
medications have a therapeutic objective which is to provide maximum benefit with minimal harm.
Disadvantages: unwanted side effects, drug-drug/food interactions, narrow therapeutic index,
toxicity, paradoxical effect, idiosyncratic effect, allergic reaction, teratogenicity, and iatrogenic
disease.
How can nonpharmacologic treatments affect pharmacologic treatments? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔✔Nondrug measures can help promote therapeutic effects and should be included in
the plan of care.
How does medication compliance affect therapeutic effects of medications? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔✔Adherence is essential to achieve therapeutic objective of a drug.
Describe the principles of pharmacodynamics. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Pharmacodynamics is: the
study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs on the body and the molecular mechanisms
by which those effects are produced.
1: Dose-response relationship
Size of an administered dose and the intensity of the response produced.
2: Drug-receptor interactions
Because most drugs work at the receptor level to alter the physiological function and produce its
effects.
3: therapeutic index:
Lower the index = less amount of the drug needed before it is lethal.
What are the priorities of the nurse after administering new medications to a patient? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔✔- Evaluate clients' response to medications
, - Use knowledge of therapeutic effect and common adverse effects to compare expected outcomes
with actual findings
- Identify adverse effects
- Notify provider of all errors, and implement corrective measures immediately
How does a patient with CYP2C9 variant metabolize warfarin? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔The variant
causes Warfarin to be metabolized slowly and accumulate in the body to a dangerous level. =
TOXICITY
What is the nurse's responsibilities before administering any medication? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔-
Knowledge about the medication being administered
- Obtaining information regarding medical diagnosis and conditions that might affect medication
administration
- Obtain necessary preadmission data
- Determine whether the medication prescription is complete
- Identify client outcomes for medication administration
- Set priorities
Define "Off Label" medication use. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Unapproved use of an approved drug
What is the purpose of enteric coating on medication? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Used as a barrier to
prevent the gastric acids from dissolving or degrading the drugs after ingesting them.
Describe the blood -brain barrier and its effects on drugs. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔BBB is a unique
anatomy of capillaries in the CNS with tight junctions between them that prevent drug passage into
the CNS. Only drugs that are lipid soluble or have a transport system can cross the BBB to a
significant degree.
How should medications be given for patients with dysphagia? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔✔Some
medications can be given in a liquid form, or sprinkles, or can be crushed
Why is it important for antimicrobial testing prior to starting an antibiotic? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔✔Because some patients might be allergic to antibiotics and can go into anaphylaxis.
