NURS 4581: Exam 1 (Complex Needs - Reid)-
with Detailed Verified and 100% Accurate
Solutions
List the normal ABG values;
pH
PaCO2
HCO3
PaO2
SaO2
pH: 7.35-7.45
PaCO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-28
PaO2: 80-100
SaO2: 90
What is the difference between SaO2 and PaO2 and SpO2?
SaO2: oxygen saturation, percent of HgB saturated w/ O2, invasive need blood draw
PaO2: oxygen dissolved IN blood, "p" for partial ∵ other gases dissolved in blood too
SpO2: non-invasive method of O2 sat, done with pulse oximetry
How long does it take for lung control of ABG to respond maximally?
Kidneys?
,lungs: reacts w/in minutes, maximum effect in hours
kidneys: maximum effect in 2-3 days
When collecting ABGs from a radial arterial site, what should be done prior?
What should be done after drawing ABG?
perform Allen's test
*pt clenches fist, apply pressure to radial & ulnar arteries, pt opens fist, observe blanching in
hand, remove pressure on arteries, color should return in <7 seconds=negative*
after: PUT ON ICE!! analyze w/in 10-15min
Why is recording patient temperature at time of ABG draw important? (3)
each degree ↑ or ↓ leads to potential error in reading:
7% in O2
3% in CO2
0.14 in pH
(just know what is effected, not how exact %)
Things to remember before drawing ABGs (3)
wait 20-30min after ∆ in O2/ventilation settings
check for order to discontinue O2/vent prior to ABG
wait 20-30min after suctioning
What is the bicarb to carbonic ratio of the body?
, 20 bicarb to 1 carbonic acid
remember pH is basic in nature so more bicarb (base) makes sense!
Describe the "baby naming" method of ABGs
First name: fixed/not (un/compensated)
Middle: type (resp/metabolic)
Last: pH status (acidic/basic)
Title: O2 status (hypoxemia)
Common causes of metabolic acidosis (4)
DKA
poison ingestion
renal failure
tissue hypoxia (lactic acid production from working out too hard)
Common causes of respiratory acidosis (3)
respiratory failure like COPD
pneumonia
ineffective breathing (drug overdose)
Which ABG imbalance would you expect to see Kussmaul respirations?
Why?
metabolic acidosis
body uses respiratory buffer system, need to get acid out so breathing deep and fast
with Detailed Verified and 100% Accurate
Solutions
List the normal ABG values;
pH
PaCO2
HCO3
PaO2
SaO2
pH: 7.35-7.45
PaCO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-28
PaO2: 80-100
SaO2: 90
What is the difference between SaO2 and PaO2 and SpO2?
SaO2: oxygen saturation, percent of HgB saturated w/ O2, invasive need blood draw
PaO2: oxygen dissolved IN blood, "p" for partial ∵ other gases dissolved in blood too
SpO2: non-invasive method of O2 sat, done with pulse oximetry
How long does it take for lung control of ABG to respond maximally?
Kidneys?
,lungs: reacts w/in minutes, maximum effect in hours
kidneys: maximum effect in 2-3 days
When collecting ABGs from a radial arterial site, what should be done prior?
What should be done after drawing ABG?
perform Allen's test
*pt clenches fist, apply pressure to radial & ulnar arteries, pt opens fist, observe blanching in
hand, remove pressure on arteries, color should return in <7 seconds=negative*
after: PUT ON ICE!! analyze w/in 10-15min
Why is recording patient temperature at time of ABG draw important? (3)
each degree ↑ or ↓ leads to potential error in reading:
7% in O2
3% in CO2
0.14 in pH
(just know what is effected, not how exact %)
Things to remember before drawing ABGs (3)
wait 20-30min after ∆ in O2/ventilation settings
check for order to discontinue O2/vent prior to ABG
wait 20-30min after suctioning
What is the bicarb to carbonic ratio of the body?
, 20 bicarb to 1 carbonic acid
remember pH is basic in nature so more bicarb (base) makes sense!
Describe the "baby naming" method of ABGs
First name: fixed/not (un/compensated)
Middle: type (resp/metabolic)
Last: pH status (acidic/basic)
Title: O2 status (hypoxemia)
Common causes of metabolic acidosis (4)
DKA
poison ingestion
renal failure
tissue hypoxia (lactic acid production from working out too hard)
Common causes of respiratory acidosis (3)
respiratory failure like COPD
pneumonia
ineffective breathing (drug overdose)
Which ABG imbalance would you expect to see Kussmaul respirations?
Why?
metabolic acidosis
body uses respiratory buffer system, need to get acid out so breathing deep and fast
