QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | EXPERT VERIFIED FOR
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RATIONALES AND STUDY GUIDES
1. The infection most commonly preceding postinfectious acute GN is:
A. Pneumonia
B. Throat infection
C. Endocarditis
D. UTI
Correct: B
Rationale: Post-strep GN classically follows group A strep pharyngitis.
2. HF with normal EF (HFpEF) is most typical of a(n):
A. Elderly woman w/o prior MI
B. Middle-aged man with prior MI
C. Young female athlete with cardiomegaly
D. Young sedentary male
Correct: A
Rationale: HFpEF commonly affects older women; ischemic MI history points more to
HFrEF.
3. Alarm stage stress mediators primarily provide:
A. Energy and repair
B. Resting state
C. Exhaustion
D. New steady state
Correct: A
Rationale: Catecholamines/cortisol mobilize energy for immediate survival and repair.
4. Micropenis—must evaluate for:
A. Endocrine disorders
B. Vascular abnormalities
C. Female sex assignment
D. Epispadias
Correct: A
Rationale: Often due to hypo-pituitary/hypogonadotropic issues.
5. Ankylosing spondylitis causes:
A. Intervertebral joint fusion
, B. Synovial instability
C. Costal cartilage degeneration
D. TMJ degeneration
Correct: A
Rationale: Inflammation → ankylosis of axial joints.
6. Graves disease treated with radioactive iodine—expect to:
A. Fully recover, no meds
B. Need short-term T4
C. Need lifelong T4
D. Need lifelong iodine
Correct: C
Rationale: RAI often ablates thyroid → permanent hypothyroidism.
7. ESRD patients get renal osteodystrophy because they are:
A. Hyperkalemic
B. Low EPO
C. Uremic demineralization
D. Deficient in active vitamin D
Correct: D
Rationale: Low 1,25-OH vitamin D → ↓Ca absorption, secondary HPT.
8. Uterine prolapse device:
A. Catheter
B. IUD
C. Pessary
D. Mesh implant
Correct: C
Rationale: Pessary provides mechanical support.
9. Unilateral upper tract obstruction (one ureter) →
A. Stones
B. Hydronephrosis
C. Urethral dilation
D. Anuria
Correct: B
Rationale: Back-pressure dilates the renal pelvis/calyces.
10. Common paraneoplastic excess substance:
A. Insulin
B. TNF
C. Potassium
D. Calcium
, Correct: D
Rationale: Ectopic PTHrP or bone lysis → hypercalcemia.
11. Hypotension + JVD + muffled heart sounds =
A. MI
B. Cardiac tamponade
C. CHF
D. Cardiomyopathy
Correct: B
Rationale: Beck triad for tamponade.
12. Fluid in pleural space is:
A. Abscess
B. Pleurisy
C. Flail chest
D. Pleural effusion
Correct: D
Rationale: Effusion = fluid accumulation.
13. vWF deficiency impairs:
A. Coagulation cascade activation
B. Platelet aggregation
C. Platelet adhesion
D. Platelet production
Correct: C
Rationale: vWF binds platelets to exposed collagen.
14. Asthma—response to inhaled allergens produces lots of:
A. IgG
B. IgE
C. IgA
D. IgM
Correct: B
Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated.
15. Before diagnosing Alzheimer disease:
A. Brain biopsy
B. Aluminum test
C. Rule out other causes of dementia
D. High CSF protein
Correct: C
Rationale: AD is a clinical diagnosis of exclusion.
, 16. Post-oliguric phase of ATN shows:
A. Basement membrane reconstruction
B. Tubular plugging
C. Patent glomeruli
D. Renal tubular epithelial regeneration
Correct: D
Rationale: Recovery phase features polyuria and repair.
17. Chronic bronchitis obstruction due to:
A. Thick mucus, fibrosis, SM hypertrophy
B. Loss of elastin
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Cartilage hyperplasia
Correct: A
18. Exposed but asymptomatic meningococcal infection is the _____ stage:
A. Prodromal
B. Latent
C. Sequela
D. Convalescence
Correct: B
19. Drug-triggered hemolytic episodes suggest:
A. Thalassemia
B. Spherocytosis
C. Sickle cell
D. G6PD deficiency
Correct: D
Rationale: Oxidant stress causes hemolysis.
20. Smoking → emphysema primarily by:
A. Inhibiting α1-antitrypsin → elastase excess
B. Paralyzing cilia
C. ↑ Infections
D. Carcinogens
Correct: A
21. Meningococcal vaccine in a 17-yo is:
A. Primary prevention
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Treatment
Correct: A