Key Medical Concepts in Oncology, Neurology, and More
Exam With complete solution–Expert Verified | Latest
Questions 2025
Osteosarcoma - Bone tumor with sunburst appearance and Codman triangle.
Septic arthritis - WBC count > 50,000/mm3 with PMN > 90%.
Osteomyelitis - Bone marrow inflammation with localized pain.
Osteoarthritis - Joint pain worsens daily, relieved by rest.
Rheumatoid arthritis - Affects MCP and PIP joints; spares DIP.
Reactive arthritis - Arthritis with conjunctivitis, linked to Chlamydia.
Systemic lupus erythematosus - Characterized by ANA, anti-dsDNA, and anti-Smith
antibodies.
Rotator cuff tear - Shoulder pain with weak abduction and external rotation.
Gout - Needle-shaped crystals in joint fluid aspirate.
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease - Rhomboid-shaped crystals in joint fluid
aspirate.
Trichinella spiralis - Causes skeletal muscle cysts from raw pork.
Pseudomonas - Common organism in osteomyelitis from foot wounds.
Salmonella - Causes osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients.
Cluster headache - Unilateral headache with tearing and conjunctival erythema.
Migraine prophylaxis - Includes antihypertensives, antidepressants, anticonvulsants.
Thrombolytic treatment - Administered within 3-4.5 hours of stroke.
Pituitary tumor - Most common type; treated with dopamine agonists.
Broca aphasia - Broken speech, frontal lobe, left/MCA distribution.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) - Most commonly caused by trauma.
, CSF findings in SAH - Increased ICP, RBCs, and xanthochromia present.
Epidural hematoma - Lens-shaped hypodensity on CT; lucid interval.
Crescent-shaped hyperdensity - Indicates subdural hematoma, does not cross midline.
Albuminocytologic dissociation - Characteristic finding in normal pressure
hydrocephalus.
Brain metastases - Most common sources include lung and breast cancer.
Seizures in children - Most commonly caused by febrile illness.
Seizures in young adults - Most commonly caused by trauma or substance abuse.
Absence seizures - Classic EEG finding includes 3 Hz spike-and-wave.
Status epilepticus treatment - First-line medication is benzodiazepines.
Presbycusis - Age-related hearing loss affecting high frequencies.
Ring enhancing lesions - Common in AIDS patients, suggest opportunistic infections.
Myasthenia gravis vs Lambert-Eaton - Differ in response to nerve stimulation.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus symptoms - Include gait disturbance, urinary
incontinence, and dementia.
Intracranial hypertension risk factors - Include obesity, head trauma, and certain
medications.
Wernicke encephalopathy - Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia from thiamine
deficiency.
Subdural hematoma - Torn bridging veins, common in elderly and children.
Guillain-Barré syndrome - T protein in CSF, normal cell count.
Metastases - Secondary tumors, less common than primary neoplasms.
Common cancer sites - Lung, breast, skin, kidney, gastrointestinal tract.
Febrile seizures - Seizures triggered by fever, often in children.
Gait ataxia - Unsteady walking, often described as 'wobbly'.
Exam With complete solution–Expert Verified | Latest
Questions 2025
Osteosarcoma - Bone tumor with sunburst appearance and Codman triangle.
Septic arthritis - WBC count > 50,000/mm3 with PMN > 90%.
Osteomyelitis - Bone marrow inflammation with localized pain.
Osteoarthritis - Joint pain worsens daily, relieved by rest.
Rheumatoid arthritis - Affects MCP and PIP joints; spares DIP.
Reactive arthritis - Arthritis with conjunctivitis, linked to Chlamydia.
Systemic lupus erythematosus - Characterized by ANA, anti-dsDNA, and anti-Smith
antibodies.
Rotator cuff tear - Shoulder pain with weak abduction and external rotation.
Gout - Needle-shaped crystals in joint fluid aspirate.
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease - Rhomboid-shaped crystals in joint fluid
aspirate.
Trichinella spiralis - Causes skeletal muscle cysts from raw pork.
Pseudomonas - Common organism in osteomyelitis from foot wounds.
Salmonella - Causes osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients.
Cluster headache - Unilateral headache with tearing and conjunctival erythema.
Migraine prophylaxis - Includes antihypertensives, antidepressants, anticonvulsants.
Thrombolytic treatment - Administered within 3-4.5 hours of stroke.
Pituitary tumor - Most common type; treated with dopamine agonists.
Broca aphasia - Broken speech, frontal lobe, left/MCA distribution.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) - Most commonly caused by trauma.
, CSF findings in SAH - Increased ICP, RBCs, and xanthochromia present.
Epidural hematoma - Lens-shaped hypodensity on CT; lucid interval.
Crescent-shaped hyperdensity - Indicates subdural hematoma, does not cross midline.
Albuminocytologic dissociation - Characteristic finding in normal pressure
hydrocephalus.
Brain metastases - Most common sources include lung and breast cancer.
Seizures in children - Most commonly caused by febrile illness.
Seizures in young adults - Most commonly caused by trauma or substance abuse.
Absence seizures - Classic EEG finding includes 3 Hz spike-and-wave.
Status epilepticus treatment - First-line medication is benzodiazepines.
Presbycusis - Age-related hearing loss affecting high frequencies.
Ring enhancing lesions - Common in AIDS patients, suggest opportunistic infections.
Myasthenia gravis vs Lambert-Eaton - Differ in response to nerve stimulation.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus symptoms - Include gait disturbance, urinary
incontinence, and dementia.
Intracranial hypertension risk factors - Include obesity, head trauma, and certain
medications.
Wernicke encephalopathy - Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia from thiamine
deficiency.
Subdural hematoma - Torn bridging veins, common in elderly and children.
Guillain-Barré syndrome - T protein in CSF, normal cell count.
Metastases - Secondary tumors, less common than primary neoplasms.
Common cancer sites - Lung, breast, skin, kidney, gastrointestinal tract.
Febrile seizures - Seizures triggered by fever, often in children.
Gait ataxia - Unsteady walking, often described as 'wobbly'.
