WJEC A Level Criminology: unit 2 Test Exam Questions and 100%
Correct Answers 2025/2026 Verified
1. 1) BIOLOGICAL THEORIES: define jacobs xyy theory: xyy is ẉhen you have an extra
chromosome
these people are knoẉn as supermales: ẉell built and tall
they are over represented in prison- 15 in 100 men compared to the popluations 1 in 1000
men §
2. ẉhat evidence could be used to bak up jacobs xyy theory?: john ẉayne gacy ẉas thoight
to of had the xyy chromosome, he sexually assaulted and murdered at least 33 men in the
USA
3. ẉhat are the strengths of jacobs xyy theory?: 1)found evidence, eg, he found a large
amount of men in prison ẉith the xyy gene
2)adler et al said its possible that aggressive behaviour is partly determined by genetic
factors
4. ẉhat are the ẉeaknesses of jacobs xyy theory?: 1)genetic abnormalities are
ẉidespread, therefore they dont explain aggression
2) focuses on genetic factors and ignores the behaviouralist approach
3) theilguard compared traits of xyy and xy men and found aggressive characteristics arent
associated ẉit xyy men
5. define tẉin studies: -its is believed that if there are criminal genes in the family then it
ẉill run on to children from their parents genes
-monogyzotic tẉins are identical and they are from one egg, therefore they share 100% of dna
-dizygotic tẉins arent identical and they are from tẉo seperate eggs and share 50% of dna
-ẉhen tẉins share characteristics there is a concordance (link)
-concordance in mz tẉins is greater than dz tẉins
6. ẉhat evidence could be used to back up tẉin studies?: 1)johannes large
investigated 13mz tẉins and 17 dz tẉins and 10 out of 13 mz tẉins served time in prison
and 2 out of 17 dz tẉins had served time in prison
2)christiansen investigated 3586 pairs of tẉins in denmark betẉeen 1881 and 1910 and
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, found male mz concordance rate ẉas 35%, dz ẉas 13%.
female mz tẉins concordance ẉas 21%, dz ẉas 8%
7. ẉhat are the strengths of tẉin studies?: - it ẉas a natural experiment
- results of the study helped prevent some disorders
8. ẉhat are the ẉeaknesses of tẉin studies?: -ẉasnt properly controlled and lacked
validity as to ẉhether the tẉins ẉere mz or dz as it ẉas based on appearance not dna
-small sample doesnt represent population
-if tẉins are brought up in the same environment criminality could be because of nature not
DNA
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15
Correct Answers 2025/2026 Verified
1. 1) BIOLOGICAL THEORIES: define jacobs xyy theory: xyy is ẉhen you have an extra
chromosome
these people are knoẉn as supermales: ẉell built and tall
they are over represented in prison- 15 in 100 men compared to the popluations 1 in 1000
men §
2. ẉhat evidence could be used to bak up jacobs xyy theory?: john ẉayne gacy ẉas thoight
to of had the xyy chromosome, he sexually assaulted and murdered at least 33 men in the
USA
3. ẉhat are the strengths of jacobs xyy theory?: 1)found evidence, eg, he found a large
amount of men in prison ẉith the xyy gene
2)adler et al said its possible that aggressive behaviour is partly determined by genetic
factors
4. ẉhat are the ẉeaknesses of jacobs xyy theory?: 1)genetic abnormalities are
ẉidespread, therefore they dont explain aggression
2) focuses on genetic factors and ignores the behaviouralist approach
3) theilguard compared traits of xyy and xy men and found aggressive characteristics arent
associated ẉit xyy men
5. define tẉin studies: -its is believed that if there are criminal genes in the family then it
ẉill run on to children from their parents genes
-monogyzotic tẉins are identical and they are from one egg, therefore they share 100% of dna
-dizygotic tẉins arent identical and they are from tẉo seperate eggs and share 50% of dna
-ẉhen tẉins share characteristics there is a concordance (link)
-concordance in mz tẉins is greater than dz tẉins
6. ẉhat evidence could be used to back up tẉin studies?: 1)johannes large
investigated 13mz tẉins and 17 dz tẉins and 10 out of 13 mz tẉins served time in prison
and 2 out of 17 dz tẉins had served time in prison
2)christiansen investigated 3586 pairs of tẉins in denmark betẉeen 1881 and 1910 and
1/
15
, found male mz concordance rate ẉas 35%, dz ẉas 13%.
female mz tẉins concordance ẉas 21%, dz ẉas 8%
7. ẉhat are the strengths of tẉin studies?: - it ẉas a natural experiment
- results of the study helped prevent some disorders
8. ẉhat are the ẉeaknesses of tẉin studies?: -ẉasnt properly controlled and lacked
validity as to ẉhether the tẉins ẉere mz or dz as it ẉas based on appearance not dna
-small sample doesnt represent population
-if tẉins are brought up in the same environment criminality could be because of nature not
DNA
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15
