History of Modern Psychology Ch. 9 Exam
Revision Questions with Certified Answers
Connectionism was what - Answer Thorndike called his experimental approach to the study of
association.
Behaviorism was a protest against __________ and ________. - Answer structuralism...functionalism.
Pavlov's third research area: - Answer conditioned reflexes
Thorndike preferred to call it trial-and-accidental success. - Answer Trial-and-error learning.
Pavlov called his laboratory ____________________. - Answer the Tower of Silence
Reinforcement: - Answer increases the likelihood of a response.
Bekhterev's discoveries concerned ______________. - Answer associated reflexes.
The element of Pavlov's work most readily appropriated by Watson was the _________________. -
Answer conditioned reflex.
Animal Psychology was an outcome of ______________. - Answer evolutionary theory.
Positivism: - Answer The doctrine that recognizes only natural phenomena or facts that are objectively
observable.
According to "Positivism" introspective knowledge ___________ be considered valid knowledge. -
Answer cannot (because it is not objectively observable)
,Associative Memory - Answer An association between stimulus and response, taken to indicate evidence
of consciousness in animals.
Associated reflexes - Answer Reflexes that can be elicited not only by unconditioned stimuli but also by
stimuli that have become associated with the unconditioned stimuli.
Conditioned reflexes - Answer Reflexes that are conditional or dependent on the formation of an
association or connection between stimulus and response.
Connectionism - Answer Thorndike's approach to learning that was based on connections between
situations and responses.
Law of effect - Answer Acts that produce satisfaction in a given situation become associated with that
situation; when the situation recurs, the act is likely to recur. (Thorndike's)
Law of Exercise (of Law of Use and Disuse) - Answer The more an act or response is used in a given
situation, the more strongly the act becomes associated with that situation. (Thorndike's)
Reinforcement - Answer Something that increases the likelihood of a response.
Trial-and-error learning - Answer Learning based on the repetition of response tendencies that lead to
success. (Thorndike preferred to call it trial-and-accidental success.)
Tropism - Answer An involuntary forced movement. (Loeb)
In Pavlovian conditioning, reinforcement IS or IS NOT essential. - Answer It IS ESSENTIAL.
The _____________ or the law of use and disuse states that any response made in a particular situation
becomes associated with that situation. - Answer Law of Exercise.
The advantage of Loeb's concept of Tropism was that ______________ was irrelevant. - Answer
consciousness
, The crux of Pavlov's work on conditioning was that _______________________ could be studied in
physiological terms. - Answer higher mental processes
The author of "Animal Education: The Psychical Development of the White Rat" was ____________. -
Answer Watson
Satisfaction becomes associated with that situation, so that when the situation recurs the act is more
likely is the ______________. - Answer Law of Effect
The founder of Positivism was___________. - Answer Comte
V.M.Bekhterev wrote: ________________. - Answer Objective Psychology
Hans the Wonder Horse owned by ______________. - Answer Wilhelm Von Osten retired math teacher
from Berlin, Germany.
Wilhelm Von Osten, Hans the Wonder Horse's owner, wanted to prove _____________ correct. -
Answer Darwin....wanted to prove that humans and animals have a similar mind and similar mental
processes.
2nd Decade of the 20th Century: Psychologists Disagreed on: - Answer 1. the value of introspection
2. the existence of mental elements
3. the need to remain a pure science.
Functionalism: - Answer A system of psychology concerned with the mind as it is used in an organism's
adaptation to its environment.
Functionalism movement: ________________ not revolutionary. - Answer evolutionary
1913 Behaviorism Declares war with Watson's paper: - Answer Protest against both structuralism and
functionalism.
Revision Questions with Certified Answers
Connectionism was what - Answer Thorndike called his experimental approach to the study of
association.
Behaviorism was a protest against __________ and ________. - Answer structuralism...functionalism.
Pavlov's third research area: - Answer conditioned reflexes
Thorndike preferred to call it trial-and-accidental success. - Answer Trial-and-error learning.
Pavlov called his laboratory ____________________. - Answer the Tower of Silence
Reinforcement: - Answer increases the likelihood of a response.
Bekhterev's discoveries concerned ______________. - Answer associated reflexes.
The element of Pavlov's work most readily appropriated by Watson was the _________________. -
Answer conditioned reflex.
Animal Psychology was an outcome of ______________. - Answer evolutionary theory.
Positivism: - Answer The doctrine that recognizes only natural phenomena or facts that are objectively
observable.
According to "Positivism" introspective knowledge ___________ be considered valid knowledge. -
Answer cannot (because it is not objectively observable)
,Associative Memory - Answer An association between stimulus and response, taken to indicate evidence
of consciousness in animals.
Associated reflexes - Answer Reflexes that can be elicited not only by unconditioned stimuli but also by
stimuli that have become associated with the unconditioned stimuli.
Conditioned reflexes - Answer Reflexes that are conditional or dependent on the formation of an
association or connection between stimulus and response.
Connectionism - Answer Thorndike's approach to learning that was based on connections between
situations and responses.
Law of effect - Answer Acts that produce satisfaction in a given situation become associated with that
situation; when the situation recurs, the act is likely to recur. (Thorndike's)
Law of Exercise (of Law of Use and Disuse) - Answer The more an act or response is used in a given
situation, the more strongly the act becomes associated with that situation. (Thorndike's)
Reinforcement - Answer Something that increases the likelihood of a response.
Trial-and-error learning - Answer Learning based on the repetition of response tendencies that lead to
success. (Thorndike preferred to call it trial-and-accidental success.)
Tropism - Answer An involuntary forced movement. (Loeb)
In Pavlovian conditioning, reinforcement IS or IS NOT essential. - Answer It IS ESSENTIAL.
The _____________ or the law of use and disuse states that any response made in a particular situation
becomes associated with that situation. - Answer Law of Exercise.
The advantage of Loeb's concept of Tropism was that ______________ was irrelevant. - Answer
consciousness
, The crux of Pavlov's work on conditioning was that _______________________ could be studied in
physiological terms. - Answer higher mental processes
The author of "Animal Education: The Psychical Development of the White Rat" was ____________. -
Answer Watson
Satisfaction becomes associated with that situation, so that when the situation recurs the act is more
likely is the ______________. - Answer Law of Effect
The founder of Positivism was___________. - Answer Comte
V.M.Bekhterev wrote: ________________. - Answer Objective Psychology
Hans the Wonder Horse owned by ______________. - Answer Wilhelm Von Osten retired math teacher
from Berlin, Germany.
Wilhelm Von Osten, Hans the Wonder Horse's owner, wanted to prove _____________ correct. -
Answer Darwin....wanted to prove that humans and animals have a similar mind and similar mental
processes.
2nd Decade of the 20th Century: Psychologists Disagreed on: - Answer 1. the value of introspection
2. the existence of mental elements
3. the need to remain a pure science.
Functionalism: - Answer A system of psychology concerned with the mind as it is used in an organism's
adaptation to its environment.
Functionalism movement: ________________ not revolutionary. - Answer evolutionary
1913 Behaviorism Declares war with Watson's paper: - Answer Protest against both structuralism and
functionalism.
