SOLUTION MANUAL
Entrepreneurial Finance, 7th Edition
J. Chris Leach, Ronald W. Melicher
Chapters 1 - 16 With CAPSTONE CASES
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
aa aa aa
Partaa1:aaTHEaaENTREPRENEURIALaaENVIRONMENT.
1. IntroductionaatoaaFinanceaaforaaEntrepreneurs.
2. DevelopingaatheaaBusinessaaIdea.
Partaa2:aaORGANIZINGaaANDaaOPERATINGaaTHEaaVENTURE.
3. OrganizingaaandaaFinancingaaaaaNewaaVenture.
4. PreparingaaandaaUsingaaFinancialaaStatements.
5. EvaluatingaaOperatingaaandaaFinancialaaPerformance.a a P
artaa3:aaPLANNINGaaFORaaTHEaaFUTURE.
6. ManagingaaCashaaFlow.
7. TypesaaandaaCostsaaofaaFinancialaaCapital.
8. SecuritiesaaLawaaConsiderationsaaWhenaaObtainingaaVentureaaFinancing.a a Par
taa4:aaCREATINGaaANDaaRECOGNIZINGaaVENTUREaaVALUE.
9. ProjectingaaFinancialaaStatements.
10. ValuingaaEarly-StageaaVentures.
11. VentureaaCapitalaaValuationaaMethods.
Partaa5:aaSTRUCTURINGaaFINANCINGaaFORaaTHEaaGROWINGaaVENTURE.
12. ProfessionalaaVentureaaCapital.
13. OtheraaFinancingaaAlternatives.
14. SecurityaaStructuresaaandaaDeterminingaaEnterpriseaaValues.a a Part
6:aaEXITaaANDaaTURNAROUNDaaSTRATEGIES.
aa
15. HarvestingaatheaaBusinessaaVentureaaInvestment.
16. FinanciallyaaTroubledaaVentures:aaTurnaroundaaOpportunities?a a Partaa
7:aaCAPSTONEaaCASES.
Caseaa1.aaEco-
Products,aaInc.a a Caseaa2.aaSpatialaa
Technology,
,Chapter 1 aa
INTRODUCTIONaaTOaaFINANCEaaFORaaENTREPRENEURSa a FOCU
S
Theaapurposeaaofaathisaafirstaachapteraaisaatoaapresentaaanaaoverviewaaofaawhataaentrepreneurialaafinan
ceaaisa a about.aaInaadoingaasoaaweaahopeaatoaaconveyaatoaayouaatheaaimportanceaaofaaunderstandingaaan
daaapplyinga a entrepreneurialaafinanceaamethodsaaandaatoolsaatoaahelpaaensureaaanaaentrepreneuriala
aventureaaisa a successful.Weaapresentaaaaalifeaacycleaaapproachaatoaatheaateachingaaofaaentrepreneuri
alaafinanceaawherea a weaacoveraaventureaaoperatingaaandaafinancialaadecisionsaafacedaabyaatheaaentr
epreneuraaasaaaaaventurea a progressesaafromaaanaaideaaathroughaatoaaharvestingaatheaaventure.
LEARNINGaaOBJECTIVES
LOaa1.1:aaCharacterizeaatheaaentrepreneurialaaprocess.
LOaa1.2:aaDescribeaaentrepreneurshipaaandaasomeaacharacteristicsaaofaaentrepreneur
s.a a LOaa1.3:aaIndicateaaseveralaamegatrendsaaprovidingaawavesaaofaaentrepreneuria
la a opportunities.LOaa1.4:aaListaaandaadescribeaatheaasevenaaprinciplesaaofaaentrepren
euriala a finance.
LOaa1.5:aaDiscussaaentrepreneurialaafinanceaaandaatheaaroleaaofaatheaafinanciala a man
ager.LOaa1.6:aaDescribeaatheaavariousaastagesaaofaaaaasuccessfulaaventure‘saalifea a cy
cle.
LOaa1.7:aaIdentify,aabyaalifeaacycleaastage,aatheaarelevantaatypesaaofaafinancingaaanda
a investors.LOaa1.8:aaUnderstandaatheaalifeaacycleaaapproachaausedaainaathisaabook.
CHAPTERaaOUTLINE
1.1 THEaaENTREPRENEURIALaaPROCESS
1.2 ENTREPRENEURSHIPaaFUNDAMENTALS
A. WhoaaisaaanaaEntrepreneur?
B. BasicaaDefinitions
C. EntrepreneurialaaTraitsaaoraaCharacteristics
D. OpportunitiesaaExistaaButaaNotaaWithoutaaRisks
1.3 SOURCESaaOFaaENTREPRENEURIALaaOPPORTUNITIES
A. SocietalaaChanges
B. DemographicaaChanges
C. TechnologicalaaChanges
D. EmergingaaEconomiesaaandaaGlobalaaChanges
E. Crisesaaandaa ―Bubbles‖
F. DisruptiveaaInnovation
1
, 1.4 PRINCIPLESaaOFaaENTREPRENEURIALaaFINANCE
A. Real,aaHuman,aaandaaFinancialaaCapitalaamustaabeaaRentedaafromaaOwnersaa(Principleaa#1)
B. RiskaaandaaExpectedaaRewardaagoaaHandaainaaHandaa(Principleaa#2)
C. WhileaaAccountingaaisaatheaaLanguageaaofaaBusiness,aaCashaaisaatheaaCurrencyaa(Principleaa#
3)
D. NewaaVentureaaFinancingaaInvolvesaaSearch,aaNegotiation,aaandaaPrivacyaa(Principleaa#4)
E. AaaVenture‘saaFinancialaaObjectiveaaisaatoaaIncreaseaaValueaa(Principleaa#5)
F. ItaaisaaDangerousaatoaaAssumeaathataaPeopleaaActaaAgainstaaTheiraaOwnaaS
elf-a a Interests(Principleaa#6)
G. VentureaaCharacteraaandaaReputationaacanaabeaaAssetsaaoraaLiabilitiesaa(Principleaa#7)
1.5 ROLEaaOFaaENTREPRENEURIALaaFINANCE
1.6 THEaaSUCCESSFULaaVENTUREaaLIFEaaCYCLE
A. DevelopmentaaStage
B. StartupaaStage
C. SurvivalaaStage
D. Rapid-GrowthaaStage
E. Early-MaturityaaStage
F. LifeaaCycleaaStagesaaandaatheaaEntrepreneurialaaProcess
1.7 FINANCINGaaTHROUGHaaTHEaaVENTUREaaLIFEaaCYCLE
A. SeedaaFinancing
B. StartupaaFinancing
C. First-RoundaaFinancing
D. Second-RoundaaFinancing
E. MezzanineaaFinancing
F. Liquidity-StageaaFinancing
G. SeasonedaaFinancing
1.8 LIFEaaCYCLEaaAPPROACHaaFORaaTEACHINGaaENTREPRENEURIALaaFINANCEa a
SUMMARY
DISCUSSIONaaQUESTIONSaaANDaaANSWERS
1. Whataaisaatheaaentrepreneurialaaprocess?
Theaaentrepreneurialaaprocessaacomprises:aadevelopingaaopportunities,aagatheringaaresources,a a an
dmanagingaaandaabuildingaaoperationsaawithaatheaagoalaaofaacreatingaavalue.
2. Whataaisaaentrepreneurship?aaWhataaareaasomeaabasicaacharacteristicsaaofaaentrepreneurs?
Entrepreneurshipaaisaatheaaprocessaaofaachangingaaideasaaintoaacommercialaaopportunitiesaaanda a cr
eatingvalue.aaaaWhileaathereaaisaanoaaprototypicalaaentrepreneur,aamanyaaareaagoodaaataarecognizi
nga a commercialaaopportunities,aatendaatoaabeaaoptimistic,aaandaaenvisionaaaaaplanaaforaatheaafuture.
3. Whyaadoaabusinessesaacloseaaoraaceaseaaoperating?aaWhataaareaatheaaprimaryaareasonsaawhyaabusin
essesa a fail?
Entrepreneurial Finance, 7th Edition
J. Chris Leach, Ronald W. Melicher
Chapters 1 - 16 With CAPSTONE CASES
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
aa aa aa
Partaa1:aaTHEaaENTREPRENEURIALaaENVIRONMENT.
1. IntroductionaatoaaFinanceaaforaaEntrepreneurs.
2. DevelopingaatheaaBusinessaaIdea.
Partaa2:aaORGANIZINGaaANDaaOPERATINGaaTHEaaVENTURE.
3. OrganizingaaandaaFinancingaaaaaNewaaVenture.
4. PreparingaaandaaUsingaaFinancialaaStatements.
5. EvaluatingaaOperatingaaandaaFinancialaaPerformance.a a P
artaa3:aaPLANNINGaaFORaaTHEaaFUTURE.
6. ManagingaaCashaaFlow.
7. TypesaaandaaCostsaaofaaFinancialaaCapital.
8. SecuritiesaaLawaaConsiderationsaaWhenaaObtainingaaVentureaaFinancing.a a Par
taa4:aaCREATINGaaANDaaRECOGNIZINGaaVENTUREaaVALUE.
9. ProjectingaaFinancialaaStatements.
10. ValuingaaEarly-StageaaVentures.
11. VentureaaCapitalaaValuationaaMethods.
Partaa5:aaSTRUCTURINGaaFINANCINGaaFORaaTHEaaGROWINGaaVENTURE.
12. ProfessionalaaVentureaaCapital.
13. OtheraaFinancingaaAlternatives.
14. SecurityaaStructuresaaandaaDeterminingaaEnterpriseaaValues.a a Part
6:aaEXITaaANDaaTURNAROUNDaaSTRATEGIES.
aa
15. HarvestingaatheaaBusinessaaVentureaaInvestment.
16. FinanciallyaaTroubledaaVentures:aaTurnaroundaaOpportunities?a a Partaa
7:aaCAPSTONEaaCASES.
Caseaa1.aaEco-
Products,aaInc.a a Caseaa2.aaSpatialaa
Technology,
,Chapter 1 aa
INTRODUCTIONaaTOaaFINANCEaaFORaaENTREPRENEURSa a FOCU
S
Theaapurposeaaofaathisaafirstaachapteraaisaatoaapresentaaanaaoverviewaaofaawhataaentrepreneurialaafinan
ceaaisa a about.aaInaadoingaasoaaweaahopeaatoaaconveyaatoaayouaatheaaimportanceaaofaaunderstandingaaan
daaapplyinga a entrepreneurialaafinanceaamethodsaaandaatoolsaatoaahelpaaensureaaanaaentrepreneuriala
aventureaaisa a successful.Weaapresentaaaaalifeaacycleaaapproachaatoaatheaateachingaaofaaentrepreneuri
alaafinanceaawherea a weaacoveraaventureaaoperatingaaandaafinancialaadecisionsaafacedaabyaatheaaentr
epreneuraaasaaaaaventurea a progressesaafromaaanaaideaaathroughaatoaaharvestingaatheaaventure.
LEARNINGaaOBJECTIVES
LOaa1.1:aaCharacterizeaatheaaentrepreneurialaaprocess.
LOaa1.2:aaDescribeaaentrepreneurshipaaandaasomeaacharacteristicsaaofaaentrepreneur
s.a a LOaa1.3:aaIndicateaaseveralaamegatrendsaaprovidingaawavesaaofaaentrepreneuria
la a opportunities.LOaa1.4:aaListaaandaadescribeaatheaasevenaaprinciplesaaofaaentrepren
euriala a finance.
LOaa1.5:aaDiscussaaentrepreneurialaafinanceaaandaatheaaroleaaofaatheaafinanciala a man
ager.LOaa1.6:aaDescribeaatheaavariousaastagesaaofaaaaasuccessfulaaventure‘saalifea a cy
cle.
LOaa1.7:aaIdentify,aabyaalifeaacycleaastage,aatheaarelevantaatypesaaofaafinancingaaanda
a investors.LOaa1.8:aaUnderstandaatheaalifeaacycleaaapproachaausedaainaathisaabook.
CHAPTERaaOUTLINE
1.1 THEaaENTREPRENEURIALaaPROCESS
1.2 ENTREPRENEURSHIPaaFUNDAMENTALS
A. WhoaaisaaanaaEntrepreneur?
B. BasicaaDefinitions
C. EntrepreneurialaaTraitsaaoraaCharacteristics
D. OpportunitiesaaExistaaButaaNotaaWithoutaaRisks
1.3 SOURCESaaOFaaENTREPRENEURIALaaOPPORTUNITIES
A. SocietalaaChanges
B. DemographicaaChanges
C. TechnologicalaaChanges
D. EmergingaaEconomiesaaandaaGlobalaaChanges
E. Crisesaaandaa ―Bubbles‖
F. DisruptiveaaInnovation
1
, 1.4 PRINCIPLESaaOFaaENTREPRENEURIALaaFINANCE
A. Real,aaHuman,aaandaaFinancialaaCapitalaamustaabeaaRentedaafromaaOwnersaa(Principleaa#1)
B. RiskaaandaaExpectedaaRewardaagoaaHandaainaaHandaa(Principleaa#2)
C. WhileaaAccountingaaisaatheaaLanguageaaofaaBusiness,aaCashaaisaatheaaCurrencyaa(Principleaa#
3)
D. NewaaVentureaaFinancingaaInvolvesaaSearch,aaNegotiation,aaandaaPrivacyaa(Principleaa#4)
E. AaaVenture‘saaFinancialaaObjectiveaaisaatoaaIncreaseaaValueaa(Principleaa#5)
F. ItaaisaaDangerousaatoaaAssumeaathataaPeopleaaActaaAgainstaaTheiraaOwnaaS
elf-a a Interests(Principleaa#6)
G. VentureaaCharacteraaandaaReputationaacanaabeaaAssetsaaoraaLiabilitiesaa(Principleaa#7)
1.5 ROLEaaOFaaENTREPRENEURIALaaFINANCE
1.6 THEaaSUCCESSFULaaVENTUREaaLIFEaaCYCLE
A. DevelopmentaaStage
B. StartupaaStage
C. SurvivalaaStage
D. Rapid-GrowthaaStage
E. Early-MaturityaaStage
F. LifeaaCycleaaStagesaaandaatheaaEntrepreneurialaaProcess
1.7 FINANCINGaaTHROUGHaaTHEaaVENTUREaaLIFEaaCYCLE
A. SeedaaFinancing
B. StartupaaFinancing
C. First-RoundaaFinancing
D. Second-RoundaaFinancing
E. MezzanineaaFinancing
F. Liquidity-StageaaFinancing
G. SeasonedaaFinancing
1.8 LIFEaaCYCLEaaAPPROACHaaFORaaTEACHINGaaENTREPRENEURIALaaFINANCEa a
SUMMARY
DISCUSSIONaaQUESTIONSaaANDaaANSWERS
1. Whataaisaatheaaentrepreneurialaaprocess?
Theaaentrepreneurialaaprocessaacomprises:aadevelopingaaopportunities,aagatheringaaresources,a a an
dmanagingaaandaabuildingaaoperationsaawithaatheaagoalaaofaacreatingaavalue.
2. Whataaisaaentrepreneurship?aaWhataaareaasomeaabasicaacharacteristicsaaofaaentrepreneurs?
Entrepreneurshipaaisaatheaaprocessaaofaachangingaaideasaaintoaacommercialaaopportunitiesaaanda a cr
eatingvalue.aaaaWhileaathereaaisaanoaaprototypicalaaentrepreneur,aamanyaaareaagoodaaataarecognizi
nga a commercialaaopportunities,aatendaatoaabeaaoptimistic,aaandaaenvisionaaaaaplanaaforaatheaafuture.
3. Whyaadoaabusinessesaacloseaaoraaceaseaaoperating?aaWhataaareaatheaaprimaryaareasonsaawhyaabusin
essesa a fail?