NTR 555 FINAL EXAM, NTR 555 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2 Compartment Model - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A method of estimated body composition using fat
mass and fat free mass
3 Component Model - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Accounts for individual differences in hydration by
including fat mass but partitioning fat-free mass into Total Body water and Fat-free dry mass
4 Component Model - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅With the development of techniques for measuring bone
mineral, fat-free dry mass is further partitioned into bone mineral content and the residual.
Underwater Weighing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A method of estimating total body fat by weighing the
individual on a standard scale and then weighing him or her again submerged in water. The difference
between the two weights is used to estimate total body volume. Body fat is less dense than water,
therefore the person with more fat will be more buoyant and weigh less underwater
BodPod - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A device used to measure the density of the body based on the volume
of air displaced as a person sits in a sealed chamber of known volume.
Bioelectric Impedance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A procedure for assessing body composition in which an
electrical current is passed through the body. The resistance to current flow through the tissues reflects
the relative amount of fat present (adipose tissue has high resistance, while muscle has low resistance)
Skin Fold Measurement - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅assessment of body composition that measures
subcutaneous body fat in order to estimate the total amount of body fat. It measures thickness of a fold
with calipers at different sites to estimate % body fat.
Doubly Labeled Water - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A form of indirect calorimetry that measures total daily
energy expenditure through the rate of carbon dioxide production. It requires the consumption of water
that is labeled with nonradioactive isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. O2 is lost in water and breath
while C is lost only in water. Therefore, the difference between the two measurements is the carbon
dioxide production rate.
3-methylhistidine - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-somatic Protein Assessment
,-AA found in Actin and myosin of muscle
-excreted in urine with protein breakdown
-test relies on accurate urine collection for 24 hours
-specific limitations: rarely used
Used in calorimetry to estimate the amount of energy used during the measurement period.
Bariatric Surgery - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅surgical approach to extreme obesity, usually accomplished by
stapling the stomach to create a small stomach pouch or bypassing the stomach through gastric bypass
surgery
Physical Fitness - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the ability to carry out daily tasks easily and have enough
reserve energy to respond to unexpected demands
mTOR Pathway - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a cellular pathway involving the regulation of growth and
metabolism that has been proposed as a key aspect of longevity
mTOR - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅enzyme that controls the rate of protein synthesis within the myofibrils
after resistance training
Telomers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅nongenetic material at the end of chromosomes protect against gene
loss.
Harris-Benedict Equation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅estimates resting energy needs, considers height,
weight, age, and gender
Sarcopenia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with
aging. Also known as muscle atrophy
Inflammatory Markers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅CRP and ESR:
CRP is produced in the liver and its level is measured by testing the blood. CRP is classified as an acute
phase reactant, which means that its levels will rise in response to inflammation.
, ESR is a less specific test used to indicate inflammation in the body.
Hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅abnormally low level of sugar in the blood
Homeostatic Hunger - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Motivation to eat based on the body's need for energy.
Hedonic Hunger - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hunger that arises from the anticipated pleasure of eating
good food. Incorporates motivational (reward), cognitive, and emotional influences on eating.
Anabolic Steroid - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a synthetic version of the male hormone testosterone that is
used to promote muscle development
Energy Balance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure
Proximate Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A system of analysis used to determine the total
composition of nutrients in feed. Compounds in feed are divided into six categories based on the
chemical properties of the compounds. The six categories are:
moisture
ash
crude protein (or Kjeldahl protein)
crude lipid
crude fibre
nitrogen-free extracts (digestible carbohydrates)
Thermic Effect of Food (Diet-Induced Thermogenesis) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The increase in energy
expenditure above RMR that occurs for several hours after ingestion of a meal. It is the result of
digestion, absorption, metabolization, and storage of food and normally represents about 10% of total
daily energy expenditure.
Direct Calorimetry - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a method that gauges the body's rate and quantity of energy
production by direct measurement of the body's heat production
2 Compartment Model - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A method of estimated body composition using fat
mass and fat free mass
3 Component Model - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Accounts for individual differences in hydration by
including fat mass but partitioning fat-free mass into Total Body water and Fat-free dry mass
4 Component Model - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅With the development of techniques for measuring bone
mineral, fat-free dry mass is further partitioned into bone mineral content and the residual.
Underwater Weighing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A method of estimating total body fat by weighing the
individual on a standard scale and then weighing him or her again submerged in water. The difference
between the two weights is used to estimate total body volume. Body fat is less dense than water,
therefore the person with more fat will be more buoyant and weigh less underwater
BodPod - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A device used to measure the density of the body based on the volume
of air displaced as a person sits in a sealed chamber of known volume.
Bioelectric Impedance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A procedure for assessing body composition in which an
electrical current is passed through the body. The resistance to current flow through the tissues reflects
the relative amount of fat present (adipose tissue has high resistance, while muscle has low resistance)
Skin Fold Measurement - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅assessment of body composition that measures
subcutaneous body fat in order to estimate the total amount of body fat. It measures thickness of a fold
with calipers at different sites to estimate % body fat.
Doubly Labeled Water - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A form of indirect calorimetry that measures total daily
energy expenditure through the rate of carbon dioxide production. It requires the consumption of water
that is labeled with nonradioactive isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. O2 is lost in water and breath
while C is lost only in water. Therefore, the difference between the two measurements is the carbon
dioxide production rate.
3-methylhistidine - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-somatic Protein Assessment
,-AA found in Actin and myosin of muscle
-excreted in urine with protein breakdown
-test relies on accurate urine collection for 24 hours
-specific limitations: rarely used
Used in calorimetry to estimate the amount of energy used during the measurement period.
Bariatric Surgery - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅surgical approach to extreme obesity, usually accomplished by
stapling the stomach to create a small stomach pouch or bypassing the stomach through gastric bypass
surgery
Physical Fitness - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the ability to carry out daily tasks easily and have enough
reserve energy to respond to unexpected demands
mTOR Pathway - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a cellular pathway involving the regulation of growth and
metabolism that has been proposed as a key aspect of longevity
mTOR - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅enzyme that controls the rate of protein synthesis within the myofibrils
after resistance training
Telomers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅nongenetic material at the end of chromosomes protect against gene
loss.
Harris-Benedict Equation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅estimates resting energy needs, considers height,
weight, age, and gender
Sarcopenia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with
aging. Also known as muscle atrophy
Inflammatory Markers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅CRP and ESR:
CRP is produced in the liver and its level is measured by testing the blood. CRP is classified as an acute
phase reactant, which means that its levels will rise in response to inflammation.
, ESR is a less specific test used to indicate inflammation in the body.
Hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅abnormally low level of sugar in the blood
Homeostatic Hunger - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Motivation to eat based on the body's need for energy.
Hedonic Hunger - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hunger that arises from the anticipated pleasure of eating
good food. Incorporates motivational (reward), cognitive, and emotional influences on eating.
Anabolic Steroid - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a synthetic version of the male hormone testosterone that is
used to promote muscle development
Energy Balance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure
Proximate Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A system of analysis used to determine the total
composition of nutrients in feed. Compounds in feed are divided into six categories based on the
chemical properties of the compounds. The six categories are:
moisture
ash
crude protein (or Kjeldahl protein)
crude lipid
crude fibre
nitrogen-free extracts (digestible carbohydrates)
Thermic Effect of Food (Diet-Induced Thermogenesis) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The increase in energy
expenditure above RMR that occurs for several hours after ingestion of a meal. It is the result of
digestion, absorption, metabolization, and storage of food and normally represents about 10% of total
daily energy expenditure.
Direct Calorimetry - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a method that gauges the body's rate and quantity of energy
production by direct measurement of the body's heat production
