https://www.stuvia.com/
,https://www.stuvia.com/
Chapter1 Obtaining anInitial History j jj jj j jj
WELL jjELABORATED jjQUESTIONS jjAND jjANSWERS
MULTIPLE CHOICE jj
1. The nurse is seeing an adolescent and the parents in the clinic for the first time. Which should
j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj
the nurse do first?
jj jj jj jj
a. Introduce him- or herself. jj jj jj
b. Make the familycomfortable. j jj j
c. Give assurance ofprivacy. jj jj j
d. Explainthepurposeoftheinterview. j
ANS: A
jj jj
Thefirst thingthat nurses must do is tointroduce themselves tothepatient and family. Parents
j j j jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj j j jj jj jj
and other adults should be addressed with appropriate titles unless theyspecify a preferred name.
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj
Clarification of the purpose of the interview and the nurses role is the second thingthat should be
jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj j jj jj
done. During the initial part of the interview, the nurse should include general conversation to
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
help make the family feel at ease. The interview also should take place in an environment as
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
free of distraction as possible. In addition, the nurse should clarify which information will be
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
shared with other members of the health care team and any limits to the confidentiality.
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
2. Which is considered a blocktoeffective communication?
j jj jj jj j j jj
a. Usingsilence j
b. Usingclichs
c. Directingthe focus j jj
d. Definingtheproblem
ANS: B
jj jj
Usingstereotyped comments or clichs canblock effective communication. Afterthe nurse uses jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj j jj jj
such trite phrases, parents often do not respond. Silence can be an effective interviewing tool.
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
Silence permits the interviewee to sort out thoughts and feelings and search for responses to
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
questions. To be effective, the nurse must be able to direct the focus of the interview while
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
allowing maximum freedom of expression. By using open-ended questions and guiding
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
questions, the nurse can obtain the necessaryinformation and maintain a relationship with the
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
family. The nurse and parent must collaborate and definethe problem that will be the focus of
jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
the nursing intervention.
jj jj jj
3. Whichis thesingle most important factor to consider when communicating with children?
j j jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj
a. Presence ofthe childs parent jj j jj jj
b. Childs physical condition j jj
c. Childsdevelopmental level j jj
,https://www.stuvia.com/
Stuvia.com jj- jjThejMarketplace jtojBuy jjand j j Sell jjyour jjStudy jjMaterial
d. Childsnonverbalbehaviors
ANS: C
jj jj
Thenurse must be aware ofthe childs developmental stage to engage in effective
j j jj jj jj jj jj j j jj jj jj
communication. The use of both verbal and nonverbal communication should be appropriate to jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
the developmental level. Nonverbal behaviors vary in importance based on the childs
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
developmental level and physical condition. Although the childs physical condition is a
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
consideration, developmental level is much more important. Thepresence ofparents is important
jj j j j j j j j j jj j jj j
when communicating with young children but may be detrimental when speaking with
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
adolescents.
jj
4. Because children youngerthan5 years areegocentric, thenurseshoulddo which when
j jj j j jj j j j j j j jj j
communicating with them?
jj jj jj
a. Focus communication on the child. j jj j j
b. Use easyanalogies when possible.
j jj jj
c. Explain experiences ofothers to the child. j jj j jj j jj
d. Assurethe childthatcommunicationisprivate. j j j j j
ANS: A
jj jj
Becausechildren of this age are able tosee things onlyin terms of themselves, the best approach
j jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
is to focus communication directlyon them. Children should be provided with information about
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
what they can do and how they will feel. With children who are egocentric, analogies,
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
experiences, and assurances that communication is private will not be effective because the child is
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj
not capable of understanding.
jj jj jj jj
5. Thenurses approach when introducinghospital equipment to apreschooler who seems afraid
j j j j j j jj j j jj j jj
should be based on which principle?
jj jj jj jj jj jj
a. Thechild maythink the equipment is alive. j jj jj jj j j jj
b. Explainingthe equipment will onlyincrease the childs fear. jj jj jj jj jj jj
c. Onebrief explanation will be enough toreduce the childs fear. jj jj j jj jj j jj jj jj
d. Thechild istoo youngtounderstand what the equipmentdoes. jj j jj j jj j j
ANS: A
jj jj
Youngchildrenattribute humancharacteristics to inanimate objects. Theyoften fear that the j jj j jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj
objects may jump, bite, cut, or pinch all by themselves without human direction. Equipment
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
should bekept out of sight until needed. Simple, concrete explanations about what theequipment
jj j j j j j jj jj j j jj jj jj jj j
does and how it will feel will help alleviate the childs fear. Preschoolers need repeated
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
explanations as reassurance.
jj jj jj
6. Whenthe nurse interviews an adolescent, which is especiallyimportant?
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j
a. Focus the discussion on the peer group. jj j jj jj j jj
b. Allow an opportunityto express feelings. jj jj jj jj
c. Usethe same type of language as the adolescent.
j jj j jj jj jj jj jj
d. Emphasizethatconfidentialitywill always bemaintained. j j j j
ANS: B
jj jj
Adolescents, likeall children, need opportunities toexpress their feelings. Oftentheyinterject
jj j jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj j
feelings into their words. The nursemust be alert tothe words and feelings expressed. The nurse
jj j jj jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
,https://www.stuvia.com/
Stuvia.com jj- jjThejMarketplace jtojBuy jjand j j Sell jjyour jjStudy jjMaterial
should maintain a professional relationship with adolescents. To avoid misunderstanding or
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
misinterpretation of words and phrases used, the nurse should clarify the terms used, what
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
information will be shared with other members of the health care team, and any limits to
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
confidentiality. Although the peer groupis important to this age group, the interview should
jj jj jj j jj j j jj j jj jj jj jj j
focus on the adolescent.
jj jj jj jj
7. The nurse is preparing to assess a 10-month-old infant. He is sitting on his fathers lap and
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
appears to be afraid of the nurse and of what might happen next. Which initial actions by
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
j jthe nurse should be most appropriate?
jj jj jj jj jj
a. Initiate a game ofpeek-a-boo. j jj jj j
b. Askthe infants father to placethe infant onthe examination table.
jj jj jj j j jj jj j jj jj
c. Talk softlyto the infant whiletaking him from his father.
j j jj jj j jj jj jj j j
d. Undress theinfant while heis still sittingon his fathers lap. jj j jj jj j j jj j jj j
ANS: A
jj jj
Peek-a-boois an excellent means of initiating communication with infants while maintaining a
jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj jj
safe, nonthreatening distance. The child will most likely become upset if separated from his
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
father. As much of the assessment as possible should be done with the child on the fathers lap.
jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj
The nurse should have the father undress the child as needed during the examination.
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
8. An 8-year-old girl asks thenursehow the blood pressure apparatus works. Themost
j j jj jj j j j j jj j jj jj j
appropriate nursing action is which?
jj jj jj jj jj
a. Ask her whyshe wants to know. jj jj jj jj jj
b. Determine whyshe is so anxious. jj jj jj jj
c. Explain insimple terms how it works. jj j j jj jj j
d. Tell her shewill seehow it works as it is used. j j j j j jj jj jj j j j
ANS: C
jj jj
School-agechildren requireexplanations and reasons for everything. Theyare interested inthe
j jj j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j
functional aspect of all procedures, objects, and activities. It is appropriate for the nurse to
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
explain how equipment works and what will happen to the child so that the child can then
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
observeduringthe procedure. The nurse should respond positivelyfor requests forinformation
jj j j jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj j
about procedures and health information. By not responding, the nurse may be limiting
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
communication with the child. The child is not exhibiting anxiety in asking how the blood
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
pressure apparatus works, just requesting clarification of what will occur.
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
9. The nurse is havingdifficultycommunicating with a hospitalized 6-year-old child. Which
j j jj j jj jj j jj jj jj
technique should be most helpful?
jj jj jj jj jj
a. Recommend that the child keep a diary. jj jj jj jj jj jj
b. Providesupplies forthe child todraw apicture. j jj j jj jj j jj j
c. Suggest that the parent read fairytales to the child. jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj
d. Asktheparent ifthechild isalways uncommunicative. jj j j j jj
ANS: B
jj jj
Drawingis one of the most valuable forms ofcommunication. Childrens drawings tell a great
j jj jj j jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj
deal about them because they are projections of the childrens inner self. A diary should be
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
difficult for a 6-year-old child, who is most likelylearningto read. The parent readingfairytales
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j j jj jj jj jj j
to the child is a passive activity involving the parent and child; it should not facilitate
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
,https://www.stuvia.com/
Chapter1 Obtaining anInitial History j jj jj j jj
WELL jjELABORATED jjQUESTIONS jjAND jjANSWERS
MULTIPLE CHOICE jj
1. The nurse is seeing an adolescent and the parents in the clinic for the first time. Which should
j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj
the nurse do first?
jj jj jj jj
a. Introduce him- or herself. jj jj jj
b. Make the familycomfortable. j jj j
c. Give assurance ofprivacy. jj jj j
d. Explainthepurposeoftheinterview. j
ANS: A
jj jj
Thefirst thingthat nurses must do is tointroduce themselves tothepatient and family. Parents
j j j jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj j j jj jj jj
and other adults should be addressed with appropriate titles unless theyspecify a preferred name.
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj
Clarification of the purpose of the interview and the nurses role is the second thingthat should be
jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj j jj jj
done. During the initial part of the interview, the nurse should include general conversation to
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
help make the family feel at ease. The interview also should take place in an environment as
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
free of distraction as possible. In addition, the nurse should clarify which information will be
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
shared with other members of the health care team and any limits to the confidentiality.
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
2. Which is considered a blocktoeffective communication?
j jj jj jj j j jj
a. Usingsilence j
b. Usingclichs
c. Directingthe focus j jj
d. Definingtheproblem
ANS: B
jj jj
Usingstereotyped comments or clichs canblock effective communication. Afterthe nurse uses jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj j jj jj
such trite phrases, parents often do not respond. Silence can be an effective interviewing tool.
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
Silence permits the interviewee to sort out thoughts and feelings and search for responses to
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
questions. To be effective, the nurse must be able to direct the focus of the interview while
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
allowing maximum freedom of expression. By using open-ended questions and guiding
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
questions, the nurse can obtain the necessaryinformation and maintain a relationship with the
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
family. The nurse and parent must collaborate and definethe problem that will be the focus of
jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
the nursing intervention.
jj jj jj
3. Whichis thesingle most important factor to consider when communicating with children?
j j jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj
a. Presence ofthe childs parent jj j jj jj
b. Childs physical condition j jj
c. Childsdevelopmental level j jj
,https://www.stuvia.com/
Stuvia.com jj- jjThejMarketplace jtojBuy jjand j j Sell jjyour jjStudy jjMaterial
d. Childsnonverbalbehaviors
ANS: C
jj jj
Thenurse must be aware ofthe childs developmental stage to engage in effective
j j jj jj jj jj jj j j jj jj jj
communication. The use of both verbal and nonverbal communication should be appropriate to jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
the developmental level. Nonverbal behaviors vary in importance based on the childs
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
developmental level and physical condition. Although the childs physical condition is a
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
consideration, developmental level is much more important. Thepresence ofparents is important
jj j j j j j j j j jj j jj j
when communicating with young children but may be detrimental when speaking with
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
adolescents.
jj
4. Because children youngerthan5 years areegocentric, thenurseshoulddo which when
j jj j j jj j j j j j j jj j
communicating with them?
jj jj jj
a. Focus communication on the child. j jj j j
b. Use easyanalogies when possible.
j jj jj
c. Explain experiences ofothers to the child. j jj j jj j jj
d. Assurethe childthatcommunicationisprivate. j j j j j
ANS: A
jj jj
Becausechildren of this age are able tosee things onlyin terms of themselves, the best approach
j jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
is to focus communication directlyon them. Children should be provided with information about
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
what they can do and how they will feel. With children who are egocentric, analogies,
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
experiences, and assurances that communication is private will not be effective because the child is
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj
not capable of understanding.
jj jj jj jj
5. Thenurses approach when introducinghospital equipment to apreschooler who seems afraid
j j j j j j jj j j jj j jj
should be based on which principle?
jj jj jj jj jj jj
a. Thechild maythink the equipment is alive. j jj jj jj j j jj
b. Explainingthe equipment will onlyincrease the childs fear. jj jj jj jj jj jj
c. Onebrief explanation will be enough toreduce the childs fear. jj jj j jj jj j jj jj jj
d. Thechild istoo youngtounderstand what the equipmentdoes. jj j jj j jj j j
ANS: A
jj jj
Youngchildrenattribute humancharacteristics to inanimate objects. Theyoften fear that the j jj j jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj
objects may jump, bite, cut, or pinch all by themselves without human direction. Equipment
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
should bekept out of sight until needed. Simple, concrete explanations about what theequipment
jj j j j j j jj jj j j jj jj jj jj j
does and how it will feel will help alleviate the childs fear. Preschoolers need repeated
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
explanations as reassurance.
jj jj jj
6. Whenthe nurse interviews an adolescent, which is especiallyimportant?
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j
a. Focus the discussion on the peer group. jj j jj jj j jj
b. Allow an opportunityto express feelings. jj jj jj jj
c. Usethe same type of language as the adolescent.
j jj j jj jj jj jj jj
d. Emphasizethatconfidentialitywill always bemaintained. j j j j
ANS: B
jj jj
Adolescents, likeall children, need opportunities toexpress their feelings. Oftentheyinterject
jj j jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj j
feelings into their words. The nursemust be alert tothe words and feelings expressed. The nurse
jj j jj jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
,https://www.stuvia.com/
Stuvia.com jj- jjThejMarketplace jtojBuy jjand j j Sell jjyour jjStudy jjMaterial
should maintain a professional relationship with adolescents. To avoid misunderstanding or
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
misinterpretation of words and phrases used, the nurse should clarify the terms used, what
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
information will be shared with other members of the health care team, and any limits to
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
confidentiality. Although the peer groupis important to this age group, the interview should
jj jj jj j jj j j jj j jj jj jj jj j
focus on the adolescent.
jj jj jj jj
7. The nurse is preparing to assess a 10-month-old infant. He is sitting on his fathers lap and
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
appears to be afraid of the nurse and of what might happen next. Which initial actions by
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
j jthe nurse should be most appropriate?
jj jj jj jj jj
a. Initiate a game ofpeek-a-boo. j jj jj j
b. Askthe infants father to placethe infant onthe examination table.
jj jj jj j j jj jj j jj jj
c. Talk softlyto the infant whiletaking him from his father.
j j jj jj j jj jj jj j j
d. Undress theinfant while heis still sittingon his fathers lap. jj j jj jj j j jj j jj j
ANS: A
jj jj
Peek-a-boois an excellent means of initiating communication with infants while maintaining a
jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj jj
safe, nonthreatening distance. The child will most likely become upset if separated from his
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
father. As much of the assessment as possible should be done with the child on the fathers lap.
jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj jj
The nurse should have the father undress the child as needed during the examination.
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
8. An 8-year-old girl asks thenursehow the blood pressure apparatus works. Themost
j j jj jj j j j j jj j jj jj j
appropriate nursing action is which?
jj jj jj jj jj
a. Ask her whyshe wants to know. jj jj jj jj jj
b. Determine whyshe is so anxious. jj jj jj jj
c. Explain insimple terms how it works. jj j j jj jj j
d. Tell her shewill seehow it works as it is used. j j j j j jj jj jj j j j
ANS: C
jj jj
School-agechildren requireexplanations and reasons for everything. Theyare interested inthe
j jj j jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j
functional aspect of all procedures, objects, and activities. It is appropriate for the nurse to
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
explain how equipment works and what will happen to the child so that the child can then
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
observeduringthe procedure. The nurse should respond positivelyfor requests forinformation
jj j j jj jj jj jj jj jj j jj j
about procedures and health information. By not responding, the nurse may be limiting
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
communication with the child. The child is not exhibiting anxiety in asking how the blood
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
pressure apparatus works, just requesting clarification of what will occur.
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
9. The nurse is havingdifficultycommunicating with a hospitalized 6-year-old child. Which
j j jj j jj jj j jj jj jj
technique should be most helpful?
jj jj jj jj jj
a. Recommend that the child keep a diary. jj jj jj jj jj jj
b. Providesupplies forthe child todraw apicture. j jj j jj jj j jj j
c. Suggest that the parent read fairytales to the child. jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj
d. Asktheparent ifthechild isalways uncommunicative. jj j j j jj
ANS: B
jj jj
Drawingis one of the most valuable forms ofcommunication. Childrens drawings tell a great
j jj jj j jj jj jj jj j jj jj jj jj jj
deal about them because they are projections of the childrens inner self. A diary should be
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
difficult for a 6-year-old child, who is most likelylearningto read. The parent readingfairytales
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj j j jj jj jj jj j
to the child is a passive activity involving the parent and child; it should not facilitate
jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj jj
