NR-507/ NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM 1 2025 PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS RATIONALES| GUARANTEED PASS
| LATEST UPDATE | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
Question 1
Which of the following best describes apoptosis?
A) Uncontrolled cell death causing inflammation
B) Programmed cell death that is a normal part of development
C) Cell death due to injury with swelling and rupture
D) Cell death caused by lack of oxygen
Answer: B) Programmed cell death that is a normal part of development
Rationale:
Apoptosis is a controlled, energy-dependent process of programmed cell death
important for normal development and tissue homeostasis. It differs from
necrosis, which is uncontrolled and causes inflammation.
Question 2
,A patient presents with elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine
kinase (CK). What is the most likely pathophysiological process occurring?
A) Chronic inflammation
B) Cell membrane damage and necrosis
C) Increased apoptosis
D) Autoimmune destruction
Answer: B) Cell membrane damage and necrosis
Rationale:
LDH and CK are intracellular enzymes released into the bloodstream when cells
undergo necrosis and their membranes rupture, indicating cell injury or death.
Question 3
Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell size without cell division?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Metaplasia
D) Dysplasia
Answer: B) Hypertrophy
Rationale:
Hypertrophy is the enlargement of existing cells, increasing organ size, often
due to increased workload. Hyperplasia is increased cell number; metaplasia is
change in cell type; dysplasia is abnormal growth.
, Question 4
Which of the following is the primary mediator responsible for the vascular
changes seen during the inflammatory response?
A) Dopamine
B) Histamine
C) Serotonin
D) Acetylcholine
Answer: B) Histamine
Rationale:
Histamine is released by mast cells and causes vasodilation and increased
vascular permeability, key early steps in inflammation.
Question 5
A deficiency in which vitamin causes impaired collagen synthesis leading to
weakened blood vessels and poor wound healing?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
Answer: B) Vitamin C
Rationale:
Vitamin C is essential for hydroxylation of proline and lysine during collagen
FINAL EXAM 1 2025 PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS RATIONALES| GUARANTEED PASS
| LATEST UPDATE | CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
Question 1
Which of the following best describes apoptosis?
A) Uncontrolled cell death causing inflammation
B) Programmed cell death that is a normal part of development
C) Cell death due to injury with swelling and rupture
D) Cell death caused by lack of oxygen
Answer: B) Programmed cell death that is a normal part of development
Rationale:
Apoptosis is a controlled, energy-dependent process of programmed cell death
important for normal development and tissue homeostasis. It differs from
necrosis, which is uncontrolled and causes inflammation.
Question 2
,A patient presents with elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine
kinase (CK). What is the most likely pathophysiological process occurring?
A) Chronic inflammation
B) Cell membrane damage and necrosis
C) Increased apoptosis
D) Autoimmune destruction
Answer: B) Cell membrane damage and necrosis
Rationale:
LDH and CK are intracellular enzymes released into the bloodstream when cells
undergo necrosis and their membranes rupture, indicating cell injury or death.
Question 3
Which cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell size without cell division?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Metaplasia
D) Dysplasia
Answer: B) Hypertrophy
Rationale:
Hypertrophy is the enlargement of existing cells, increasing organ size, often
due to increased workload. Hyperplasia is increased cell number; metaplasia is
change in cell type; dysplasia is abnormal growth.
, Question 4
Which of the following is the primary mediator responsible for the vascular
changes seen during the inflammatory response?
A) Dopamine
B) Histamine
C) Serotonin
D) Acetylcholine
Answer: B) Histamine
Rationale:
Histamine is released by mast cells and causes vasodilation and increased
vascular permeability, key early steps in inflammation.
Question 5
A deficiency in which vitamin causes impaired collagen synthesis leading to
weakened blood vessels and poor wound healing?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
Answer: B) Vitamin C
Rationale:
Vitamin C is essential for hydroxylation of proline and lysine during collagen
