Earthwork Exam 1 Questions and Graded
Answers.
station cross section problem - ((EA + EA)/2) x (L/27)
station - horizontal distance of 100 ft
plan view - horizontal alignment
profile view - vertical plane cut through the centerline of the work
cross section view - vertical section at right angles to the centerline of the work
stripping - removing upper layer of amterial before excavation
in situ - natural undisturbed in place soil or rock
cohesive material - soil having strong interparticle attractive forces
plasticity - capability of being molded
shrinkage - volume reduction usually occurring when soils or rock are subjected to
moisture or mechanical compaction
swell - a volume increase occuring when soils or rocks are excavated and loosened from
the earths crust
, five major types of soil - gravel, sand, clay, silt, and organic matter
liquid limit - the water content at which a soil passes from the plastic to the liquid state.
High LL values are soils with high compressibility
optimum water content - amount of water required for a given soil to reach maximum
density
proctor test - R.R. procotor developed to determine moisture-density relationship in soils
subjected to compaction. standard test 5.5lb rammer, 12 in drop, 3 layers. Modified test 10lb
rammer, 18 in drop, 5 layers.
drying out wet soil - aerate or add a soil stabilization agent. Lime or fly ash is for fine-
grained soils. Mechanically it can be done by scarifying the soil with a grader
soil limits - were developed to serve as reference points in order to differentiate between
highly plastic, slightly plastic, and nonplastic materials
shrinkage factor - ccy dry weight / bcy dry weight
fine grained soils - silts and clays, low and high plasticity
soil - loose surface of earths crust, created naturally from the disintegration of rocks or
decays of vegetation
Payload - volumetric= capacity in terms of cubic ayrds
gravimetric = capacity based on safe operating weight
required power - Total resistance = Rolling resistance + Grade Resistance
Answers.
station cross section problem - ((EA + EA)/2) x (L/27)
station - horizontal distance of 100 ft
plan view - horizontal alignment
profile view - vertical plane cut through the centerline of the work
cross section view - vertical section at right angles to the centerline of the work
stripping - removing upper layer of amterial before excavation
in situ - natural undisturbed in place soil or rock
cohesive material - soil having strong interparticle attractive forces
plasticity - capability of being molded
shrinkage - volume reduction usually occurring when soils or rock are subjected to
moisture or mechanical compaction
swell - a volume increase occuring when soils or rocks are excavated and loosened from
the earths crust
, five major types of soil - gravel, sand, clay, silt, and organic matter
liquid limit - the water content at which a soil passes from the plastic to the liquid state.
High LL values are soils with high compressibility
optimum water content - amount of water required for a given soil to reach maximum
density
proctor test - R.R. procotor developed to determine moisture-density relationship in soils
subjected to compaction. standard test 5.5lb rammer, 12 in drop, 3 layers. Modified test 10lb
rammer, 18 in drop, 5 layers.
drying out wet soil - aerate or add a soil stabilization agent. Lime or fly ash is for fine-
grained soils. Mechanically it can be done by scarifying the soil with a grader
soil limits - were developed to serve as reference points in order to differentiate between
highly plastic, slightly plastic, and nonplastic materials
shrinkage factor - ccy dry weight / bcy dry weight
fine grained soils - silts and clays, low and high plasticity
soil - loose surface of earths crust, created naturally from the disintegration of rocks or
decays of vegetation
Payload - volumetric= capacity in terms of cubic ayrds
gravimetric = capacity based on safe operating weight
required power - Total resistance = Rolling resistance + Grade Resistance
