NURS 4301 Exam 2 Hypertension Questions With Complete
Solutions
mechanism of action: blocks SNS stimulation. decreased heart
rate. decreased myocardial contractility
beta adrenergic blockers
cardio selective (affect only the heart)
beta 1 (metoprolol)
affects the lungs
Beta 2
side effect of beta blockers. caution with patients with asthma
bronchospasms
prior to administering a beta blocker, this is a key nursing
consideration
assess heart rater
*hold if <60 bpm
mechanism of action blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II resulting in arterial vasodilation
angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitors (ACEI)
common ending for ACEI inhibitors
"pril"
,with ACE's there is less angiotensin II results in Less
aldosterone which results in more of what electrolyte
potassium
*excretion of water and sodium
*potassium sparing diuretics and potassium supplements might
lead to hyperkalemia
symptom may limit a patients ability to continue an ACEI
inhibitor
persistent dry cough
*ACEI do not inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin or other
kinins, and are thus only rarely associated with the persistent dry
cough and/or angioedema
medication is an alternative for patients who can't tolerate
ACEI's because it allows for normal break down bradykinins
resulting in less incidence of cough and angioedema
angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
common ending for ARBs
"sartan"
ARBs block the action of this protein
Angiotensin II
medication blocks calcium into muscles resulting in decreased
heart contraction, relaxation of blood vessels, reduced HR, and
lowers BP
, calcium channel blockers
what prototype is associated with dihydropryridines: block
calcium channels in the blood vessels causing vascular smooth
muscle relaxation (decreased SVR and arterial BP)
"dipine"
these block calcium channels in blood vessels and the heart
causing vasodilation, increased coronary perfusion, decreased
heart rate, decreased contraction, and decrease AV conduction
non-dihydropyridines
when educating a patient who is on a CCB what would
instructed them to avoid?
grapefruit juice
*grapefruit juice increases CCB serum levels
when your patient states, "when my symptoms subside, I may
discontinue the medications" what should you do
provide further teaching
normal range of potassium range is 3.5-5. if your K+ is too high
or too low, what is the main concern indicating an intervention?
change in heart rhythm
*high potassium: in your blood can lead to dangerous and
possibly deadly changes in heart rhythm
*low potassium: can make muscles feel weak, cramp, twitch, or
Solutions
mechanism of action: blocks SNS stimulation. decreased heart
rate. decreased myocardial contractility
beta adrenergic blockers
cardio selective (affect only the heart)
beta 1 (metoprolol)
affects the lungs
Beta 2
side effect of beta blockers. caution with patients with asthma
bronchospasms
prior to administering a beta blocker, this is a key nursing
consideration
assess heart rater
*hold if <60 bpm
mechanism of action blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II resulting in arterial vasodilation
angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitors (ACEI)
common ending for ACEI inhibitors
"pril"
,with ACE's there is less angiotensin II results in Less
aldosterone which results in more of what electrolyte
potassium
*excretion of water and sodium
*potassium sparing diuretics and potassium supplements might
lead to hyperkalemia
symptom may limit a patients ability to continue an ACEI
inhibitor
persistent dry cough
*ACEI do not inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin or other
kinins, and are thus only rarely associated with the persistent dry
cough and/or angioedema
medication is an alternative for patients who can't tolerate
ACEI's because it allows for normal break down bradykinins
resulting in less incidence of cough and angioedema
angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
common ending for ARBs
"sartan"
ARBs block the action of this protein
Angiotensin II
medication blocks calcium into muscles resulting in decreased
heart contraction, relaxation of blood vessels, reduced HR, and
lowers BP
, calcium channel blockers
what prototype is associated with dihydropryridines: block
calcium channels in the blood vessels causing vascular smooth
muscle relaxation (decreased SVR and arterial BP)
"dipine"
these block calcium channels in blood vessels and the heart
causing vasodilation, increased coronary perfusion, decreased
heart rate, decreased contraction, and decrease AV conduction
non-dihydropyridines
when educating a patient who is on a CCB what would
instructed them to avoid?
grapefruit juice
*grapefruit juice increases CCB serum levels
when your patient states, "when my symptoms subside, I may
discontinue the medications" what should you do
provide further teaching
normal range of potassium range is 3.5-5. if your K+ is too high
or too low, what is the main concern indicating an intervention?
change in heart rhythm
*high potassium: in your blood can lead to dangerous and
possibly deadly changes in heart rhythm
*low potassium: can make muscles feel weak, cramp, twitch, or
