Bio 325
BIO 325 Final Exam Study Questions and
Answers UPDATED 2025-2026
What is the driving force in protein folding? -Correct Answers ✔-Hydrophobic
interactions among non-polar R-groups
acidic amino acids -Correct Answers ✔-Asp, Glu
basic amino acids -Correct Answers ✔-Lys, Arg, His
polar amino acids -Correct Answers ✔-Ser, Thr, Tyr, Asn, Gln
nonpolar amino acids -Correct Answers ✔-Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Met, Cys, Phe,
Typ, Pro
Chloroplast -Correct Answers ✔-Site of CO2 reduction that results in the
production glucose
Lysosome -Correct Answers ✔-Breaks down lipids for energy
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum -Correct Answers ✔-Storage compartment for ions
(especially Ca2+)
Peroxisome -Correct Answers ✔-Participates in redox reactions, producing
hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct
Nucleus -Correct Answers ✔-Consists of tightly packed chromatin
Cell Confluency -Correct Answers ✔-Count all squares, take an average then
multiply the cells by 2 and then 10,000
Bio 325
, Bio 325
Stem Cells -Correct Answers ✔-Pluripotent stem cells do not have a replicative
limit, A dividing transit amplifying cell can divide to make more transit amplifying
cells or further differentiate into a terminally differentiated cell, and A stem cell
can be coaxed to differentiate in the laboratory
myeloid linage -Correct Answers ✔-granulocytes, macrophages
lymphoid lineage -Correct Answers ✔-B cells, T cells
erythroid lineage -Correct Answers ✔-red blood cells, megakaryocyte
factors that maintain stem cell fate in the crypt -Correct Answers ✔-BMP
antagonists, Wnt
Secondary protein structure -Correct Answers ✔-a helix, b pleated sheet
primary protein structure -Correct Answers ✔-sequence of amino acids
tertiary protein structure -Correct Answers ✔-disulfide bridge, hydrogen bonding
between r and amino group along the protein backbone
quaternary protein structure -Correct Answers ✔-assembly of two a and b subunits
in the hemoglobin
ubiquitination -Correct Answers ✔-covalently links a 76 amino acid protein to
another protein, flagging it for degradation
glycosylation -Correct Answers ✔-the attachment of sugars to a protein, usually
one targeted for secretion
phosphorylation -Correct Answers ✔-a protein modification on a serine or
threonine that can change the shape of the protein and alter the active site of an
enzyme
Bio 325
BIO 325 Final Exam Study Questions and
Answers UPDATED 2025-2026
What is the driving force in protein folding? -Correct Answers ✔-Hydrophobic
interactions among non-polar R-groups
acidic amino acids -Correct Answers ✔-Asp, Glu
basic amino acids -Correct Answers ✔-Lys, Arg, His
polar amino acids -Correct Answers ✔-Ser, Thr, Tyr, Asn, Gln
nonpolar amino acids -Correct Answers ✔-Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Met, Cys, Phe,
Typ, Pro
Chloroplast -Correct Answers ✔-Site of CO2 reduction that results in the
production glucose
Lysosome -Correct Answers ✔-Breaks down lipids for energy
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum -Correct Answers ✔-Storage compartment for ions
(especially Ca2+)
Peroxisome -Correct Answers ✔-Participates in redox reactions, producing
hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct
Nucleus -Correct Answers ✔-Consists of tightly packed chromatin
Cell Confluency -Correct Answers ✔-Count all squares, take an average then
multiply the cells by 2 and then 10,000
Bio 325
, Bio 325
Stem Cells -Correct Answers ✔-Pluripotent stem cells do not have a replicative
limit, A dividing transit amplifying cell can divide to make more transit amplifying
cells or further differentiate into a terminally differentiated cell, and A stem cell
can be coaxed to differentiate in the laboratory
myeloid linage -Correct Answers ✔-granulocytes, macrophages
lymphoid lineage -Correct Answers ✔-B cells, T cells
erythroid lineage -Correct Answers ✔-red blood cells, megakaryocyte
factors that maintain stem cell fate in the crypt -Correct Answers ✔-BMP
antagonists, Wnt
Secondary protein structure -Correct Answers ✔-a helix, b pleated sheet
primary protein structure -Correct Answers ✔-sequence of amino acids
tertiary protein structure -Correct Answers ✔-disulfide bridge, hydrogen bonding
between r and amino group along the protein backbone
quaternary protein structure -Correct Answers ✔-assembly of two a and b subunits
in the hemoglobin
ubiquitination -Correct Answers ✔-covalently links a 76 amino acid protein to
another protein, flagging it for degradation
glycosylation -Correct Answers ✔-the attachment of sugars to a protein, usually
one targeted for secretion
phosphorylation -Correct Answers ✔-a protein modification on a serine or
threonine that can change the shape of the protein and alter the active site of an
enzyme
Bio 325
