NUR 315 Exam 2 2025 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Symbiosis - ANSWER-Benefits only the human; no harm to the microorganism.
Mutualism - ANSWER-Benefits the human and the microorganism.
Commensalism - ANSWER-Benefits only the microorganism; no harm to the
human.
Pathogenicity - ANSWER-Benefits the microorganism; harms the human.
Opportunism - ANSWER-Benign microorganisms become pathogenic because of
decreased human host resistance.
Transmission - ANSWER-The process by which infection spreads.
Direct Transmission - ANSWER-Infection spread through direct contact.
Vertical Transmission - ANSWER-Mother to child transmission.
Horizontal Transmission - ANSWER-Exposure to blood and body fluids.
Indirect Transmission - ANSWER-Contact with infected materials, inhalation or
droplet infection.
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,Communicability - ANSWER-Ability to spread from one individual to others and
cause disease.
Immunogenicity - ANSWER-Ability to induce immune response.
Infectivity - ANSWER-Ability to invade and multiply in host.
Mechanism of Action - ANSWER-How microorganisms damage tissue.
Portal of Entry - ANSWER-Route by which it infects the host.
Toxigenicity - ANSWER-Ability to produce soluble toxins or endotoxins, factors
that greatly influence the degree of virulence.
Virulence - ANSWER-Capacity to cause severe disease.
Incubation - ANSWER-Initial exposure. No S&S but can spread still.
Prodromal - ANSWER-Occurrence of initial symptoms (nonspecific), pathogens
continue multiplying.
Invasion - ANSWER-Immune and inflammatory responses triggered, pathogens
multiplying rapidly and invading further.
Convalescence - ANSWER-Immune and inflammation systems remove pathogens
and S&S decline.
Bacteria - ANSWER-Common, prokaryotes, aerobic or anaerobic, motile or
immotile, gram positive or negative.
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, Virus - ANSWER-Not capable of independent reproduction; inhibits host DNA,
RNA, or protein synthesis.
Fungal - ANSWER-Large eukaryotic with thick, rigid cell walls without
peptidoglycans, reproduce by simple division or budding.
Parasite - ANSWER-Large size variation, tissue damage is secondary to infestation
with toxin damage.
TNM System - ANSWER-Cancer staging system that includes T (tumor spread),
N (node involvement), and M (presence of distant metastasis).
H pyloric - ANSWER-Causes 75% of all stomach cancers; gastritis leads to ulcer
and then stomach cancer.
Hepatitis B and C - ANSWER-Account for large majority of liver cancers.
Epstein Barr virus - ANSWER-Associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, various
lymphomas, and gastric adenocarcinoma.
HPV - ANSWER-High risk types can cause cancer; types 16 and 18 responsible
for majority of cancers of cervix, penis, vulva, vagina, anus, oropharynx.
Preload - ANSWER-Represents volume in heart that has to be pushed out.
Afterload - ANSWER-Represents pressure or tension the heart has to generate to
push blood into aorta.
Systolic - ANSWER-Refers to the emptying phase of the heart.
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Answers 100% Pass
Symbiosis - ANSWER-Benefits only the human; no harm to the microorganism.
Mutualism - ANSWER-Benefits the human and the microorganism.
Commensalism - ANSWER-Benefits only the microorganism; no harm to the
human.
Pathogenicity - ANSWER-Benefits the microorganism; harms the human.
Opportunism - ANSWER-Benign microorganisms become pathogenic because of
decreased human host resistance.
Transmission - ANSWER-The process by which infection spreads.
Direct Transmission - ANSWER-Infection spread through direct contact.
Vertical Transmission - ANSWER-Mother to child transmission.
Horizontal Transmission - ANSWER-Exposure to blood and body fluids.
Indirect Transmission - ANSWER-Contact with infected materials, inhalation or
droplet infection.
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,Communicability - ANSWER-Ability to spread from one individual to others and
cause disease.
Immunogenicity - ANSWER-Ability to induce immune response.
Infectivity - ANSWER-Ability to invade and multiply in host.
Mechanism of Action - ANSWER-How microorganisms damage tissue.
Portal of Entry - ANSWER-Route by which it infects the host.
Toxigenicity - ANSWER-Ability to produce soluble toxins or endotoxins, factors
that greatly influence the degree of virulence.
Virulence - ANSWER-Capacity to cause severe disease.
Incubation - ANSWER-Initial exposure. No S&S but can spread still.
Prodromal - ANSWER-Occurrence of initial symptoms (nonspecific), pathogens
continue multiplying.
Invasion - ANSWER-Immune and inflammatory responses triggered, pathogens
multiplying rapidly and invading further.
Convalescence - ANSWER-Immune and inflammation systems remove pathogens
and S&S decline.
Bacteria - ANSWER-Common, prokaryotes, aerobic or anaerobic, motile or
immotile, gram positive or negative.
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
, Virus - ANSWER-Not capable of independent reproduction; inhibits host DNA,
RNA, or protein synthesis.
Fungal - ANSWER-Large eukaryotic with thick, rigid cell walls without
peptidoglycans, reproduce by simple division or budding.
Parasite - ANSWER-Large size variation, tissue damage is secondary to infestation
with toxin damage.
TNM System - ANSWER-Cancer staging system that includes T (tumor spread),
N (node involvement), and M (presence of distant metastasis).
H pyloric - ANSWER-Causes 75% of all stomach cancers; gastritis leads to ulcer
and then stomach cancer.
Hepatitis B and C - ANSWER-Account for large majority of liver cancers.
Epstein Barr virus - ANSWER-Associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, various
lymphomas, and gastric adenocarcinoma.
HPV - ANSWER-High risk types can cause cancer; types 16 and 18 responsible
for majority of cancers of cervix, penis, vulva, vagina, anus, oropharynx.
Preload - ANSWER-Represents volume in heart that has to be pushed out.
Afterload - ANSWER-Represents pressure or tension the heart has to generate to
push blood into aorta.
Systolic - ANSWER-Refers to the emptying phase of the heart.
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