Nurs 315 Exam 1 2025 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Nurs 315 Exam 1 2025 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass


What is glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and its normal range? Which diagnostic

test can be used to measure GFR? - ANSWER-- Glomerular Filtration Rate: The

amount of blood filtered by the glomeruli in a given time. Most reliable indicator

of kidney function

- Normal Range: 70-135ml/min (125 mL/min)

- GFR can be lower in older adults

- Diagnostic Test Used to measure GFR: 24-hour urine collection, based on

creatinine levels

Bicarbonate normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired -

ANSWER-Normal Range: 22-26 mEq/L

Changes: Most patients in renal failure have metabolic acidosis and low serum

HCO3 − levels.

BUN normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - ANSWER-

Normal Range: 10-20 mg/dL




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,Changes: Nonrenal factors may ↑ BUN

BUN/Creatinine normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired -

ANSWER-Normal Range: 12:1-20:1

Changes: Increased ratio may be due to conditions that ↓ blood flow to kidneys

Calcium normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - ANSWER-

Normal Range: 9.0-10.5mg/dL

Changes: Lower

Creatinine normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired -

ANSWER-Normal: Males 0.6-1.2mg/dL/Females 0.5-1.1mg/dL

Changes:

Phosphorus normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired -

ANSWER-Normal Range: 3.5-4.5 mg/dL

Changes: Phosphorus balance is inversely related to Ca2+ balance. In kidney

disease, phosphorus levels are high

Potassium normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired -

ANSWER-Normal Range: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Changes: High K+ levels >6 mEq/L can lead to muscle weakness and

dysrhythmias.




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,Sodium normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - ANSWER-

Normal Range: 136-145mEq/L

Changes: Lowers

Uric Acid normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired -

ANSWER-Normal Range: Male 4.0-8.5 mg/dL / Female 2.7-7.3 mg/dL

Changes: Values depend on renal function, rate of purine metabolism, and diet

intake of food rich in purines.

Phosphate normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired -

ANSWER-Normal Range: 3-4.5

Changes: Higher because of indirect relationship with calcium

What are the normal findings in urinalysis? - ANSWER-- Bilirubin: None

- Casts: None

- Color: Amber yellow

- Culture for organisms: No organisms in bladder <10 to the 4 organisms/mL

result of normal urethral flora

- Glucose: None

- Ketones: None

- Odor: Aromatic




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, - Osmolality: 50-1200 mOsm

- pH: 4.6-8.0 (6.o is average)

- Protein: Random protein: 0-trace / 24h protein: 50-80mg/day

- RBCs: 0-4/hpf

- Specific gravity: 1.005-1.030

- WBCs: 0-5/hpf (elevated in UTI)

Who are at the risk of development of urinary tract infection (UTI)? - ANSWER-

Hospitalized individuals with catheters, females - specifically those going through

menopause, pregnant women, people with suppressed immune systems, Age (older

adults), dehydration/malnutrition

Pyelonephritis - ANSWER-Upper tract; kidney, implies inflammation (usually

caused by an infection) of the renal parenchyma and collecting system

Cystitis - ANSWER-Lower tract; inflammation of the bladder

Urethritis - ANSWER-Lower tract; inflammation of the urethra

Upper Tract symptoms - ANSWER-fever, chills, and flank pain

Lower Tract symptoms - ANSWER-Dysuria, frequency (voiding more than every

2 hours), urgency, and suprapubic discomfort or pressure. The urine may have

grossly visible blood (hematuria) or sediment, giving it a cloudy appearance




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