NUSC 2200 Exam 2 with correct answers |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
When (year) did the rates of breastfeeding finally increased? - correct answer✔✔1990
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is the optimal duration of breast-feeding? Exclusive and with solid foods? - correct
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
answer✔✔• AAP/ADA/U.S. Surgeon General: Exclusively 6 months and at least a year |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• WHO: Exclusively for 6 months, then until 2 years
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What are the functional units of the mammary glands? - correct answer✔✔• Alveoli in
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
mammary glands are the functional units |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Each is composed of secretory cells with a duct in the center
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Myoepithelial cells, lining the alveoli, contract during letdown causing milk ejection
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Milk is stored in lactiferous sinuses
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is the hormone that is involved in the production of milk? - correct answer✔✔Prolactin
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is the hormone involved in the ejection of milk (let down) from the myopithelial cells? -
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answer✔✔Oxytocin |||\\\ |||\\\
Define the 3 stages of lactogenesis and when do they begin? - correct answer✔✔•
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Lactogenesis I (3rd trimester) milk formation begins |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,• Lactogenesis II—(begins 2-5 days after birth) increased blood flow to breast; milk "comes in"
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Lactogenesis III—(begins at ~10 day after birth) milk composition is stable
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is the statement of the World Health Organization (WHO) related to breastfeeding? -
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answer✔✔Infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
achieve optimal growth, development and health |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Definition of Colostrum - correct answer✔✔• The first milk secreted during the first few days
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
postpartum
• Very high in proteins
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Ex:secretory IgA & lactoferrin
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Two main differences between colostrum and mature milk - correct answer✔✔Colostrum has
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
lower calories but is higher total protein than mature milk
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is the contribution of fat Calories in human milk? - correct answer✔✔• Essential for
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
retinal development |||\\\
• Associated with higher IQ scores
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Why is important that the breast milk is high in cholesterol? - correct answer✔✔Early
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
consumption of cholesterol through breast milk appears to be related to lower blood |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
cholesterol levels later in life |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
How do proteins in human milk compare to those in cow's milk? - correct answer✔✔Total
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
proteins are lower in human milk than in cow's milk |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
(0.32 vs 0.98 g/oz) |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, What is the main carbohydrate in breast milk? - correct answer✔✔Lactose, which enhances
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
calcium absorption |||\\\
What important vitamins are in breast milk? - correct answer✔✔• Folate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Vitamin D
|||\\\ |||\\\
• Vitamin A
|||\\\ |||\\\
• Vitamin K
|||\\\ |||\\\
• Vitamin E
|||\\\ |||\\\
• Vitamin B12
|||\\\ |||\\\
When would there be a concern of not enough Vitamin E and/or Vitamin K in breast milk? -
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answer✔✔• Concerns: poor transfer in womb, sterile gut, immature liver, low in breast
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
milk
Minerals in breastmilk have high bioavailability. How is this important in the case of iron? -
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answer✔✔Exclusively breastfed infants have very low risk of anemia despite low iron
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
content of human milk |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Name 3 main differences between human and cow's milk - correct answer✔✔Human Milk:
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Calcium - 10 mg
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid - 1.5 mg
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Cholesterol - 4 mg
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Cow's Milk: |||\\\
• Calcium -34 mg
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid - 0 mg
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Cholesterol - 0 mg
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
When (year) did the rates of breastfeeding finally increased? - correct answer✔✔1990
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is the optimal duration of breast-feeding? Exclusive and with solid foods? - correct
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
answer✔✔• AAP/ADA/U.S. Surgeon General: Exclusively 6 months and at least a year |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• WHO: Exclusively for 6 months, then until 2 years
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What are the functional units of the mammary glands? - correct answer✔✔• Alveoli in
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
mammary glands are the functional units |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Each is composed of secretory cells with a duct in the center
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Myoepithelial cells, lining the alveoli, contract during letdown causing milk ejection
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Milk is stored in lactiferous sinuses
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is the hormone that is involved in the production of milk? - correct answer✔✔Prolactin
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is the hormone involved in the ejection of milk (let down) from the myopithelial cells? -
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answer✔✔Oxytocin |||\\\ |||\\\
Define the 3 stages of lactogenesis and when do they begin? - correct answer✔✔•
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Lactogenesis I (3rd trimester) milk formation begins |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
,• Lactogenesis II—(begins 2-5 days after birth) increased blood flow to breast; milk "comes in"
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Lactogenesis III—(begins at ~10 day after birth) milk composition is stable
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is the statement of the World Health Organization (WHO) related to breastfeeding? -
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answer✔✔Infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life to
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
achieve optimal growth, development and health |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Definition of Colostrum - correct answer✔✔• The first milk secreted during the first few days
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
postpartum
• Very high in proteins
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
- Ex:secretory IgA & lactoferrin
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Two main differences between colostrum and mature milk - correct answer✔✔Colostrum has
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
lower calories but is higher total protein than mature milk
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
What is the contribution of fat Calories in human milk? - correct answer✔✔• Essential for
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
retinal development |||\\\
• Associated with higher IQ scores
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Why is important that the breast milk is high in cholesterol? - correct answer✔✔Early
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
consumption of cholesterol through breast milk appears to be related to lower blood |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
cholesterol levels later in life |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
How do proteins in human milk compare to those in cow's milk? - correct answer✔✔Total
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
proteins are lower in human milk than in cow's milk |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
(0.32 vs 0.98 g/oz) |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
, What is the main carbohydrate in breast milk? - correct answer✔✔Lactose, which enhances
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
calcium absorption |||\\\
What important vitamins are in breast milk? - correct answer✔✔• Folate
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Vitamin D
|||\\\ |||\\\
• Vitamin A
|||\\\ |||\\\
• Vitamin K
|||\\\ |||\\\
• Vitamin E
|||\\\ |||\\\
• Vitamin B12
|||\\\ |||\\\
When would there be a concern of not enough Vitamin E and/or Vitamin K in breast milk? -
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answer✔✔• Concerns: poor transfer in womb, sterile gut, immature liver, low in breast
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
milk
Minerals in breastmilk have high bioavailability. How is this important in the case of iron? -
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
correct answer✔✔Exclusively breastfed infants have very low risk of anemia despite low iron
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
content of human milk |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Name 3 main differences between human and cow's milk - correct answer✔✔Human Milk:
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Calcium - 10 mg
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid - 1.5 mg
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Cholesterol - 4 mg
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
Cow's Milk: |||\\\
• Calcium -34 mg
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid - 0 mg
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
• Cholesterol - 0 mg
|||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\
