Test bank
pilbeam's mechanical ventilation-
physiological and clinical applications
By james m. Cairo
8th edition
,Table of content
1. Basic terms and concepts of mechanical ventilation
2. How ventilators work
3. How a breath is delivered
4. Establishing the need for mechanical ventilation
5. Selecting the ventilator and the mode
6. Initial ventilator settings
7. Final considerations in ventilator setup
8. Initial patient assessment
9. Ventilator graphics
10. Assessment of respiratory function
11. Hemodynamic monitoring
12. Methods to improve ventilation in patient-ventilator management
13. Improving oxygenation and management of acute respiratory distress syndrome
14. Ventilator-associated pneumonia
15. Sedatives, analgesics, and paralytics
16. Extrapulmonary effects of mechanical ventilation
17. Effects of positive pressure ventilation on the pulmonary system
18. Troubleshooting and problem solving
19. Basic concepts of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
20. Weaning from and discontinuation of mechanical ventilation
21. Long-term ventilation
22. Neonatal and pediatric mechanical ventilation
23. Special techniques used in ventilatory support
,Chapter 01: basic terms and concepts of mechanical ventilation
cairo: pilbeam’s mechanical ventilation: physiological and clinical applications, 8th
edition
Multiple choice
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is known as which of the
following?
a. External respiration
b. Internal respiration
c. Spontaneous ventilation
d. Mechanical ventilation
ANS: c
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation. Since the question asks
for the body’s mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation. External respiration
involves the exchange of oxygen (o2) and carbon dioxide (co2) between the alveoli and the
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement
of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
Ref: pg. 2
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
a. Red blood cells and body cells
b. Scalenes and trapezius muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
d. External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles
ANS: c
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (co2) between the
alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and
involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells. Scalene and trapezius
muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal
muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
Ref: pg. 2
3. the graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal spontaneous breathing is
depicted by which of the following?
A.
, b.
C.
D.
ANS: b
During spontaneous breathing, the intrapleural pressure drops from about 5 cm h2o at end-
expiration to about 10 cm h2o at end-inspiration. The graph depicted for answer b shows that
change from 5 cm h2o to 10 cm h2o.
Ref: pg. 3
4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (pa) is about: .
a. 1 cm h2o
B. +1 cm h2o
c. 0 cm h2o
d. 5 cm h2o
ANS: a
1 cm h2o is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during normal spontaneous ventilation.
During the exhalation of a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1 cm
h2o.
Ref: pg. 4
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as which of the following?
a. Transairway pressure (pta)
b. Transthoracic pressure (ptt)
c. Transrespiratory pressure (ptr)
d. Transpulmonary pressure (pl)
ANS: d
pilbeam's mechanical ventilation-
physiological and clinical applications
By james m. Cairo
8th edition
,Table of content
1. Basic terms and concepts of mechanical ventilation
2. How ventilators work
3. How a breath is delivered
4. Establishing the need for mechanical ventilation
5. Selecting the ventilator and the mode
6. Initial ventilator settings
7. Final considerations in ventilator setup
8. Initial patient assessment
9. Ventilator graphics
10. Assessment of respiratory function
11. Hemodynamic monitoring
12. Methods to improve ventilation in patient-ventilator management
13. Improving oxygenation and management of acute respiratory distress syndrome
14. Ventilator-associated pneumonia
15. Sedatives, analgesics, and paralytics
16. Extrapulmonary effects of mechanical ventilation
17. Effects of positive pressure ventilation on the pulmonary system
18. Troubleshooting and problem solving
19. Basic concepts of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
20. Weaning from and discontinuation of mechanical ventilation
21. Long-term ventilation
22. Neonatal and pediatric mechanical ventilation
23. Special techniques used in ventilatory support
,Chapter 01: basic terms and concepts of mechanical ventilation
cairo: pilbeam’s mechanical ventilation: physiological and clinical applications, 8th
edition
Multiple choice
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is known as which of the
following?
a. External respiration
b. Internal respiration
c. Spontaneous ventilation
d. Mechanical ventilation
ANS: c
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation. Since the question asks
for the body’s mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation. External respiration
involves the exchange of oxygen (o2) and carbon dioxide (co2) between the alveoli and the
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement
of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
Ref: pg. 2
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
a. Red blood cells and body cells
b. Scalenes and trapezius muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
d. External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles
ANS: c
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (co2) between the
alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and
involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells. Scalene and trapezius
muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal
muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
Ref: pg. 2
3. the graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal spontaneous breathing is
depicted by which of the following?
A.
, b.
C.
D.
ANS: b
During spontaneous breathing, the intrapleural pressure drops from about 5 cm h2o at end-
expiration to about 10 cm h2o at end-inspiration. The graph depicted for answer b shows that
change from 5 cm h2o to 10 cm h2o.
Ref: pg. 3
4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (pa) is about: .
a. 1 cm h2o
B. +1 cm h2o
c. 0 cm h2o
d. 5 cm h2o
ANS: a
1 cm h2o is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during normal spontaneous ventilation.
During the exhalation of a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1 cm
h2o.
Ref: pg. 4
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as which of the following?
a. Transairway pressure (pta)
b. Transthoracic pressure (ptt)
c. Transrespiratory pressure (ptr)
d. Transpulmonary pressure (pl)
ANS: d
