ATI-DIABETES MELLITUS Q AND A
Whenjiinstructingjiajipatientjiregardingjiajiurinejistudyjiforjifreejicortisol,jiitjiisjimostjiimportantji
forjithejinursejitojitelljithejipatientjito
A.jiSavejithejifirstjivoidedjiurinejiinjithejiam.ji
B.jiMaintainjiajihigh-sodiumjidietji3jidaysjibeforejicollection.
C.jiTryjitojiavoidjistressfuljisituationsjiduringjithejicollectionjiperiod.ji
D.jiCompletejiatjileastji30jiminutesjiofjistrenuousjiexercisejibeforejicollectingjithejiurinejisam
ple.ji-jianswer--C.jiTryjitojiavoidjistressfuljisituationsjiduringjithejicollectionjiperiod.ji
Ajiurinejistudyjiforjifreejicortisoljirequiresjiaji24-
hourjiurinejicollection.jiThejipatientjishouldjibejiinstructedjitojiavoidjistressfuljisituationsjiandji
excessivejiphysicaljiexercisejithatjicouldjiundulyjiincreasejicortisoljilevels.jiThejipatientjisho
uldjialsojimaintainjiajilow-sodiumjidietjibeforejiandjiduringjithejiurinejicollectionjiperiod.
Whichjiofjithejifollowingjiassessmentjiparametersjiisjiofjihighestjipriorityjiwhenjicaringjiforjiajip
atientjiundergoingjiajiwaterjideprivationjitest?
A.jiSerumjiglucose
B.jiPatientjiweightji
C.jiArterialjibloodjigases
D.jiPatientjitemperatureji-jianswer--B.jiPatientjiweightji
Ajipatientjiisjiatjiriskjiforjiseverejidehydrationjiduringjiajiwaterjideprivationjitest.jiThejitestjishou
ldjibejidiscontinuedjiandjithejipatientjirehydratedjiifjithejipatient'sjiweightjidropsjimorejithanji2ji
kgjiatjianyjitime.jiThejiotherjiassessmentjiparametersjidojinotjiassessjifluidjibalance.
Ajipatientjihasjisoughtjicarejibecausejiofjiajilossjiofji25jilbjioverjithejipastji6jimonths,jiduringjiwhi
chjithejipatientjiclaimsjitojihavejimadejinojisignificantjidietaryjichanges.jiThejinursejishouldjia
ssessjithejipatientjiforjipotential
A.jiThyroidjidisorders.ji
B.jiDiabetesjiinsipidus.
C.jiPituitaryjidysfunction.
D.jiParathyroidjidysfunction.ji-jianswer--A.jiThyroidjidisorders.ji
Hyperthyroidismjiisjiassociatedjiwithjiweightjiloss.jiAlterationsjiinjipituitaryjifunction,jisuchjia
sjidiabetesjiinsipidus,jiandjiparathyroidjidysfunctionjiarejinotjicommonlyjiassociatedjiwithjith
isjiphenomenon.
Thejisurgeonjiwasjiunablejitojisavejiajipatient'sjiparathyroidjiglandjiduringjiajiradicaljithyroide
ctomy.jiThejinursejishouldjiconsequentlyjipayjiparticularjiattentionjitojiwhichjiofjithejifollowin
gjicomponentsjiofjithejipatient'sjilaboratoryjivalues?
A.jiCalciumjilevelsji
B.jiPotassiumjilevels
C.jiBloodjiglucosejilevels
,D.jiSodiumjiandjichloridejilevelsji-jianswer--A.jiCalciumjilevelsji
Thejiparathyroidjiglandjiplaysjiajikeyjirolejiinjimaintainingjicalciumjilevels.jiPotassium,jisodiu
m,jiglucose,jiandjichloridejiarejinotjidirectlyjiinfluencedjibyjithejilossjiofjithejiparathyroidjigland
.
Ajipatient'sjirecentjimedicaljihistoryjiisjiindicativejiofjidiabetesjiinsipidus.jiThejinursejiwouldjip
erformjipatientjieducationjirelatedjitojiwhichjiofjithejifollowingjidiagnosticjitests?
A.jiThyroidjiscan
B.jiFastingjiglucosejitestji
C.jiOraljiglucosejitolerance
D.jiWaterjideprivationjitestji-jianswer--D.jiWaterjideprivationjitestji
Ajiwaterjideprivationjitestjiisjiusedjitojidiagnosejithejipolyuriajithatjiaccompaniesjidiabetesjiin
sipidus.jiGlucosejitestsjiandjithyroidjitestsjiarejinotjidirectlyjirelatedjitojithejidiagnosisjiofjidiab
etesjiinsipidus.
Aji54-year-
oldjipatientjiadmittedjiwithjitypeji2jidiabetes,jiasksjithejinursejiwhatji"typeji2"jimeans.jiWhichji
ofjithejifollowingjiisjithejimostjiappropriatejiresponsejibyjithejinurse?
A.ji"Withjitypeji2jidiabetes,jithejibodyjiofjithejipancreasjibecomesjiinflamed."
B.ji"Withjitypeji2jidiabetes,jiinsulinjisecretionjiisjidecreasedjiandjiinsulinjiresistancejiisjiincrea
sed."ji
C.ji"Withjitypeji2jidiabetes,jithejipatientjiisjitotallyjidependentjionjianjioutsidejisourcejiofjiinsuli
n."
D.ji"Withjitypeji2jidiabetes,jithejibodyjiproducesjiautoantibodiesjithatjidestroyjib-
cellsjiinjithejipancreas."ji-jianswer--
B.ji"Withjitypeji2jidiabetes,jiinsulinjisecretionjiisjidecreasedjiandjiinsulinjiresistancejiisjiincrea
sed."ji
Injitypeji2jidiabetesjimellitus,jithejisecretionjiofjiinsulinjibyjithejipancreasjiisjireducedjiand/
orjithejicellsjiofjithejibodyjibecomejiresistantjitojiinsulin.
Thejinursejicaringjiforjiaji54-year-
oldjipatientjihospitalizedjiwithjidiabetesjimellitusjiwouldjilookjiforjiwhichjiofjithejifollowingjilab
oratoryjitestjiresultsjitojiobtainjiinformationjionjithejipatient'sjipastjiglucosejicontrol?
A.jiPrealbuminjilevel
B.jiUrinejiketonejilevelji
C.jiFastingjiglucosejilevel
D.jiGlycosylatedjihemoglobinjilevelji-jianswer--D.jiGlycosylatedjihemoglobinjilevelji
Ajiglycosylatedjihemoglobinjileveljidetectsjithejiamountjiofjiglucosejithatjiisjiboundjitojiredjiblo
odjicellsji(RBCs).jiWhenjicirculatingjiglucosejilevelsjiarejihigh,jiglucosejiattachesjitojithejiRB
Csjiandjiremainsjitherejiforjithejilifejiofjithejibloodjicell,jiwhichjiisjiapproximatelyji120jidays.jiTh
usjithejitestjicanjigivejianjiindicationjiofjiglycemicjicontroljioverjiapproximatelyji2jitoji3jimonths.
Thejinursejihasjibeenjiteachingjiajipatientjiwithjidiabetesjihowjitojiperformjiself-
monitoringjiofjibloodjiglucose.jiDuringjievaluationjiofjithejipatient'sjitechnique,jithejinursejiide
ntifiesjiajineedjiforjiadditionaljiteachingjiwhenjithejipatientjidoesjiwhichjiofjithejifollowing?
A.jiChoosesjiajipuncturejisitejiinjithejicenterjiofjithejifingerjipadji
, B.jiWashesjihandsjiwithjisoapjiandjiwaterjitojicleansejithejisitejitojibejiused
C.jiWarmsjithejifingerjibeforejipuncturingjitojiobtainjiajidropjiofjibloodji
D.jiTellsjithejinursejithatjithejiresultjiofji120jimg/dljiindicatesjigoodjicontroljiofjidiabetesji-
jianswer--A.jiChoosesjiajipuncturejisitejiinjithejicenterjiofjithejifingerjipadji
Thejipatientjishouldjiselectjiajisitejionjithejisidesjiofjithejifingertips,jinotjionjithejicenterjiofjithejifi
ngerjipad.jiThisjiareajicontainsjimanyjinervejiendingsjiandjiwouldjibejiunnecessarilyjipainful.
Thejinursejiisjiteachingjiaji54-year-
oldjipatientjiwithjidiabetesjiaboutjiproperjicompositionjiofjithejidailyjidiet.jiThejinursejiexplains
jithatjithejiguidelinejiforjicarbohydratejiintakejiisjiwhichjiofjithejifollowing?
A.ji80%jiofjidailyjiintake
B.jiMinimumjiofji80jig/dayji
C.jiMinimumjiofji130jig/dayji
D.jiMaximumjiofji130jig/dayji-jianswer--C.jiMinimumjiofji130jig/dayji
Thejirecommendationjiforjicarbohydratejiintakejiisjiajiminimumjiofji130jig/day.jiLow-
carbohydratejidietsjiarejinotjirecommendedjiforjidiabetesjimanagement.
Thejinursejiisjiassignedjitojithejicarejiofjiaji64-year-
oldjipatientjidiagnosedjiwithjitypeji2jidiabetes.jiInjiformulatingjiajiteachingjiplanjithatjiencoura
gesjithejipatientjitojiactivelyjiparticipatejiinjimanagementjiofjithejidiabetes,jiwhichjiofjithejifollo
wingjishouldjibejithejinurse'sjiinitialjiintervention?
A.jiAssessjipatient'sjiperceptionjiofjiwhatjiitjimeansjitojihavejidiabetes.ji
B.jiAskjithejipatientjitojiwritejidownjicurrentjiknowledgejiaboutjidiabetes.
C.jiSetjigoalsjiforjithejipatientjitojiactivelyjiparticipatejiinjimanagingjihisjidiabetes.ji
D.jiAssumejiresponsibilityjiforjialljiofjithejipatient'sjicarejitojidecreasejistressjilevel.ji-
jianswer--A.jiAssessjipatient'sjiperceptionjiofjiwhatjiitjimeansjitojihavejidiabetes.ji
Injiorderjiforjiteachingjitojibejieffective,jithejifirstjistepjiisjitojiassessjithejipatient.jiTeachingjican
jibejiindividualizedjioncejithejinursejiisjiawarejiofjiwhatjiajidiagnosisjiofjidiabetesjimeansjitojith
ejipatient.
Thejinursejiisjibeginningjitojiteachjiajidiabeticjipatientjiaboutjivascularjicomplicationsjiofjidiab
etes.jiWhichjiofjithejifollowingjiinformationjiwouldjibejiappropriatejiforjithejinursejitojiinclude?
A.jiMacroangiopathyjidoesjinotjioccurjiinjitypeji1jidiabetesjibutjiratherjiinjitypeji2jidiabeticsjiwh
ojihavejiseverejidisease.
B.jiMicroangiopathyjiisjispecificjitojidiabetesjiandjimostjicommonlyjiaffectsjithejicapillaryjime
mbranesjiofjithejieyes,jikidneys,jiandjiskin.ji
C.jiRenaljidamagejiresultingjifromjichangesjiinjilarge-jiandjimedium-
sizedjibloodjivesselsjicanjibejipreventedjibyjicarefuljiglucosejicontrol.
D.jiMacroangiopathyjicausesjislowedjigastricjiemptyingjiandjithejisexualjiimpotencyjiexperi
encedjibyjiajimajorityjiofjipatientsjiwithjidiabetes.ji-jianswer--
B.jiMicroangiopathyjiisjispecificjitojidiabetesjiandjimostjicommonlyjiaffectsjithejicapillaryjime
mbranesjiofjithejieyes,jikidneys,jiandjiskin.ji
Microangiopathyjioccursjiinjidiabetesjimellitus.jiWhenjiitjiaffectsjithejieyes,jiitjiisjicalledjidiabe
ticjiretinopathy.jiWhenjikidneysjiarejiaffected,jithejipatientjihasjinephropathy.jiWhenjithejiski
njiisjiaffected,jiitjicanjileadjitojidiabeticjifootjiulcers.jiSexualjiimpotencyjiandjislowedjigastricjie
mptyingjiresultjifromjimicroangiopathy.jiMacroangiopathyjicanjioccurjiinjieitherjitypeji1jiorjity
peji2jidiabetes.
Whenjiinstructingjiajipatientjiregardingjiajiurinejistudyjiforjifreejicortisol,jiitjiisjimostjiimportantji
forjithejinursejitojitelljithejipatientjito
A.jiSavejithejifirstjivoidedjiurinejiinjithejiam.ji
B.jiMaintainjiajihigh-sodiumjidietji3jidaysjibeforejicollection.
C.jiTryjitojiavoidjistressfuljisituationsjiduringjithejicollectionjiperiod.ji
D.jiCompletejiatjileastji30jiminutesjiofjistrenuousjiexercisejibeforejicollectingjithejiurinejisam
ple.ji-jianswer--C.jiTryjitojiavoidjistressfuljisituationsjiduringjithejicollectionjiperiod.ji
Ajiurinejistudyjiforjifreejicortisoljirequiresjiaji24-
hourjiurinejicollection.jiThejipatientjishouldjibejiinstructedjitojiavoidjistressfuljisituationsjiandji
excessivejiphysicaljiexercisejithatjicouldjiundulyjiincreasejicortisoljilevels.jiThejipatientjisho
uldjialsojimaintainjiajilow-sodiumjidietjibeforejiandjiduringjithejiurinejicollectionjiperiod.
Whichjiofjithejifollowingjiassessmentjiparametersjiisjiofjihighestjipriorityjiwhenjicaringjiforjiajip
atientjiundergoingjiajiwaterjideprivationjitest?
A.jiSerumjiglucose
B.jiPatientjiweightji
C.jiArterialjibloodjigases
D.jiPatientjitemperatureji-jianswer--B.jiPatientjiweightji
Ajipatientjiisjiatjiriskjiforjiseverejidehydrationjiduringjiajiwaterjideprivationjitest.jiThejitestjishou
ldjibejidiscontinuedjiandjithejipatientjirehydratedjiifjithejipatient'sjiweightjidropsjimorejithanji2ji
kgjiatjianyjitime.jiThejiotherjiassessmentjiparametersjidojinotjiassessjifluidjibalance.
Ajipatientjihasjisoughtjicarejibecausejiofjiajilossjiofji25jilbjioverjithejipastji6jimonths,jiduringjiwhi
chjithejipatientjiclaimsjitojihavejimadejinojisignificantjidietaryjichanges.jiThejinursejishouldjia
ssessjithejipatientjiforjipotential
A.jiThyroidjidisorders.ji
B.jiDiabetesjiinsipidus.
C.jiPituitaryjidysfunction.
D.jiParathyroidjidysfunction.ji-jianswer--A.jiThyroidjidisorders.ji
Hyperthyroidismjiisjiassociatedjiwithjiweightjiloss.jiAlterationsjiinjipituitaryjifunction,jisuchjia
sjidiabetesjiinsipidus,jiandjiparathyroidjidysfunctionjiarejinotjicommonlyjiassociatedjiwithjith
isjiphenomenon.
Thejisurgeonjiwasjiunablejitojisavejiajipatient'sjiparathyroidjiglandjiduringjiajiradicaljithyroide
ctomy.jiThejinursejishouldjiconsequentlyjipayjiparticularjiattentionjitojiwhichjiofjithejifollowin
gjicomponentsjiofjithejipatient'sjilaboratoryjivalues?
A.jiCalciumjilevelsji
B.jiPotassiumjilevels
C.jiBloodjiglucosejilevels
,D.jiSodiumjiandjichloridejilevelsji-jianswer--A.jiCalciumjilevelsji
Thejiparathyroidjiglandjiplaysjiajikeyjirolejiinjimaintainingjicalciumjilevels.jiPotassium,jisodiu
m,jiglucose,jiandjichloridejiarejinotjidirectlyjiinfluencedjibyjithejilossjiofjithejiparathyroidjigland
.
Ajipatient'sjirecentjimedicaljihistoryjiisjiindicativejiofjidiabetesjiinsipidus.jiThejinursejiwouldjip
erformjipatientjieducationjirelatedjitojiwhichjiofjithejifollowingjidiagnosticjitests?
A.jiThyroidjiscan
B.jiFastingjiglucosejitestji
C.jiOraljiglucosejitolerance
D.jiWaterjideprivationjitestji-jianswer--D.jiWaterjideprivationjitestji
Ajiwaterjideprivationjitestjiisjiusedjitojidiagnosejithejipolyuriajithatjiaccompaniesjidiabetesjiin
sipidus.jiGlucosejitestsjiandjithyroidjitestsjiarejinotjidirectlyjirelatedjitojithejidiagnosisjiofjidiab
etesjiinsipidus.
Aji54-year-
oldjipatientjiadmittedjiwithjitypeji2jidiabetes,jiasksjithejinursejiwhatji"typeji2"jimeans.jiWhichji
ofjithejifollowingjiisjithejimostjiappropriatejiresponsejibyjithejinurse?
A.ji"Withjitypeji2jidiabetes,jithejibodyjiofjithejipancreasjibecomesjiinflamed."
B.ji"Withjitypeji2jidiabetes,jiinsulinjisecretionjiisjidecreasedjiandjiinsulinjiresistancejiisjiincrea
sed."ji
C.ji"Withjitypeji2jidiabetes,jithejipatientjiisjitotallyjidependentjionjianjioutsidejisourcejiofjiinsuli
n."
D.ji"Withjitypeji2jidiabetes,jithejibodyjiproducesjiautoantibodiesjithatjidestroyjib-
cellsjiinjithejipancreas."ji-jianswer--
B.ji"Withjitypeji2jidiabetes,jiinsulinjisecretionjiisjidecreasedjiandjiinsulinjiresistancejiisjiincrea
sed."ji
Injitypeji2jidiabetesjimellitus,jithejisecretionjiofjiinsulinjibyjithejipancreasjiisjireducedjiand/
orjithejicellsjiofjithejibodyjibecomejiresistantjitojiinsulin.
Thejinursejicaringjiforjiaji54-year-
oldjipatientjihospitalizedjiwithjidiabetesjimellitusjiwouldjilookjiforjiwhichjiofjithejifollowingjilab
oratoryjitestjiresultsjitojiobtainjiinformationjionjithejipatient'sjipastjiglucosejicontrol?
A.jiPrealbuminjilevel
B.jiUrinejiketonejilevelji
C.jiFastingjiglucosejilevel
D.jiGlycosylatedjihemoglobinjilevelji-jianswer--D.jiGlycosylatedjihemoglobinjilevelji
Ajiglycosylatedjihemoglobinjileveljidetectsjithejiamountjiofjiglucosejithatjiisjiboundjitojiredjiblo
odjicellsji(RBCs).jiWhenjicirculatingjiglucosejilevelsjiarejihigh,jiglucosejiattachesjitojithejiRB
Csjiandjiremainsjitherejiforjithejilifejiofjithejibloodjicell,jiwhichjiisjiapproximatelyji120jidays.jiTh
usjithejitestjicanjigivejianjiindicationjiofjiglycemicjicontroljioverjiapproximatelyji2jitoji3jimonths.
Thejinursejihasjibeenjiteachingjiajipatientjiwithjidiabetesjihowjitojiperformjiself-
monitoringjiofjibloodjiglucose.jiDuringjievaluationjiofjithejipatient'sjitechnique,jithejinursejiide
ntifiesjiajineedjiforjiadditionaljiteachingjiwhenjithejipatientjidoesjiwhichjiofjithejifollowing?
A.jiChoosesjiajipuncturejisitejiinjithejicenterjiofjithejifingerjipadji
, B.jiWashesjihandsjiwithjisoapjiandjiwaterjitojicleansejithejisitejitojibejiused
C.jiWarmsjithejifingerjibeforejipuncturingjitojiobtainjiajidropjiofjibloodji
D.jiTellsjithejinursejithatjithejiresultjiofji120jimg/dljiindicatesjigoodjicontroljiofjidiabetesji-
jianswer--A.jiChoosesjiajipuncturejisitejiinjithejicenterjiofjithejifingerjipadji
Thejipatientjishouldjiselectjiajisitejionjithejisidesjiofjithejifingertips,jinotjionjithejicenterjiofjithejifi
ngerjipad.jiThisjiareajicontainsjimanyjinervejiendingsjiandjiwouldjibejiunnecessarilyjipainful.
Thejinursejiisjiteachingjiaji54-year-
oldjipatientjiwithjidiabetesjiaboutjiproperjicompositionjiofjithejidailyjidiet.jiThejinursejiexplains
jithatjithejiguidelinejiforjicarbohydratejiintakejiisjiwhichjiofjithejifollowing?
A.ji80%jiofjidailyjiintake
B.jiMinimumjiofji80jig/dayji
C.jiMinimumjiofji130jig/dayji
D.jiMaximumjiofji130jig/dayji-jianswer--C.jiMinimumjiofji130jig/dayji
Thejirecommendationjiforjicarbohydratejiintakejiisjiajiminimumjiofji130jig/day.jiLow-
carbohydratejidietsjiarejinotjirecommendedjiforjidiabetesjimanagement.
Thejinursejiisjiassignedjitojithejicarejiofjiaji64-year-
oldjipatientjidiagnosedjiwithjitypeji2jidiabetes.jiInjiformulatingjiajiteachingjiplanjithatjiencoura
gesjithejipatientjitojiactivelyjiparticipatejiinjimanagementjiofjithejidiabetes,jiwhichjiofjithejifollo
wingjishouldjibejithejinurse'sjiinitialjiintervention?
A.jiAssessjipatient'sjiperceptionjiofjiwhatjiitjimeansjitojihavejidiabetes.ji
B.jiAskjithejipatientjitojiwritejidownjicurrentjiknowledgejiaboutjidiabetes.
C.jiSetjigoalsjiforjithejipatientjitojiactivelyjiparticipatejiinjimanagingjihisjidiabetes.ji
D.jiAssumejiresponsibilityjiforjialljiofjithejipatient'sjicarejitojidecreasejistressjilevel.ji-
jianswer--A.jiAssessjipatient'sjiperceptionjiofjiwhatjiitjimeansjitojihavejidiabetes.ji
Injiorderjiforjiteachingjitojibejieffective,jithejifirstjistepjiisjitojiassessjithejipatient.jiTeachingjican
jibejiindividualizedjioncejithejinursejiisjiawarejiofjiwhatjiajidiagnosisjiofjidiabetesjimeansjitojith
ejipatient.
Thejinursejiisjibeginningjitojiteachjiajidiabeticjipatientjiaboutjivascularjicomplicationsjiofjidiab
etes.jiWhichjiofjithejifollowingjiinformationjiwouldjibejiappropriatejiforjithejinursejitojiinclude?
A.jiMacroangiopathyjidoesjinotjioccurjiinjitypeji1jidiabetesjibutjiratherjiinjitypeji2jidiabeticsjiwh
ojihavejiseverejidisease.
B.jiMicroangiopathyjiisjispecificjitojidiabetesjiandjimostjicommonlyjiaffectsjithejicapillaryjime
mbranesjiofjithejieyes,jikidneys,jiandjiskin.ji
C.jiRenaljidamagejiresultingjifromjichangesjiinjilarge-jiandjimedium-
sizedjibloodjivesselsjicanjibejipreventedjibyjicarefuljiglucosejicontrol.
D.jiMacroangiopathyjicausesjislowedjigastricjiemptyingjiandjithejisexualjiimpotencyjiexperi
encedjibyjiajimajorityjiofjipatientsjiwithjidiabetes.ji-jianswer--
B.jiMicroangiopathyjiisjispecificjitojidiabetesjiandjimostjicommonlyjiaffectsjithejicapillaryjime
mbranesjiofjithejieyes,jikidneys,jiandjiskin.ji
Microangiopathyjioccursjiinjidiabetesjimellitus.jiWhenjiitjiaffectsjithejieyes,jiitjiisjicalledjidiabe
ticjiretinopathy.jiWhenjikidneysjiarejiaffected,jithejipatientjihasjinephropathy.jiWhenjithejiski
njiisjiaffected,jiitjicanjileadjitojidiabeticjifootjiulcers.jiSexualjiimpotencyjiandjislowedjigastricjie
mptyingjiresultjifromjimicroangiopathy.jiMacroangiopathyjicanjioccurjiinjieitherjitypeji1jiorjity
peji2jidiabetes.
