Essentials of Firefighting, 7th Edition:
Chapter 4 Key Terms Questions and
Answers
AsphyxiationA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
FatalAconditionAcausedAbyAsevereAoxygenAdeficiencyAandAanAexcessAofAcarbonAmonoxideA
and/orAotherAgasesAinAtheAblood.
AutoignitionA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
InitiationAofAcombustionAbyAheatAbutAwithoutAaAsparkAorAflame.
AutoignitionATemperatureA(AIT)A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TheAlowestAtemperatureAatAwhichAaAcombustibleAmaterialAignitesAinAairAwithoutAaAsparkAorA
flame.
BackdraftA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
InstantaneousAexplosionAorArapidAburningAofAsuperheatedAgasesAthatAoccursAwhenAoxyge
nAisAintroducedAintoAanAoxygen-
depletedAconfinedAspace.ATheAstalledAcombustionAresumesAwithAexplosiveAforce;AmayAoc
curAbecauseAofAinadequateAorAimproperAventilationAprocedures.
BuoyantA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TheAtendencyAorAcapacityAofAaAliquidAorAgasAtoAremainAafloatAorArise.
Carbon-BasedAFuelsA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
FuelsAinAwhichAtheAenergyAofAcombustionAderivesAprincipallyAfromAcarbon;AincludesAmateri
alsAsuchAasAwood,Acotton,Acoal,AorApetroleum.
CarbonADioxideA(CO2)A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
Colorless,Aodorless,AheavierAthanAairAgasAthatAneitherAsupportsAcombustionAnorAburns;Aus
edAinAportableAfireAextinguishersAasAanAextinguishingAagentAtoAextinguishAClassABAorACAfire
sAbyAsmotheringAorAdisplacingAtheAoxygen.ACO2AisAaAwasteAproductAofAaerobicAmetabolis
m.
CarbonAMonoxideA(CO)A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
Colorless,Aodorless,AdangerousAgasA(bothAtoxicAandAflammable)AformedAbyAtheAincomplet
eAcombustionAofAcarbon.AItAcombinesAmoreAthanA200AtimesAasAquicklyAwithAhemoglobinAas
Aoxygen,AthusAdecreasesAtheAblood'sAabilityAtoAcarryAoxygen.
CeilingAJetA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
HorizontalAmovementAofAaAlayerAofAhotAgasesAandAcombustionAby-
productsAfromAtheAcenterApointAofAtheAplume,AwhenAaAhorizontalAsurfaceAsuchAasAaAceilingA
redirectsAtheAverticalAdevelopmentAofAtheArisingAplume.
ChemicalAFlameAInhibitionA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
ExtinguishmentAofAaAfireAbyAinterruptionAofAtheAchemicalAchainAreaction.
CombustionA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AAchemicalAprocessAofAoxidationAthatAoccursAatAaArateAfastAenoughAtoAproduceAheatAandAu
suallyAlightAinAtheAformAofAeitherAaAglowAorAflame.
CombustionAZoneA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AreaAsurroundingAaAheatAsourceAinAwhichAthereAisAsufficientAairAavailableAtoAfeedAaAfire.
, CompartmentationA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TheAwayAthatAtheAarrangementAofAcompartmentsAcreatesAorAdoesAnotAcreateAaAseriesAofAb
arriersAdesignedAtoAkeepAflames,Asmoke,AandAheatAfromAspreadingAfromAoneAroomAorAfloo
rAtoAanother.
ConductionA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
PhysicalAflowAorAtransferAofAheatAenergyAfromAoneAbodyAtoAanother,AthroughAdirectAcontact
AorAanAinterveningAmedium,AfromAtheApointAwhereAtheAheatAisAproducedAtoAanotherAlocatio
n,AorAfromAaAregionAofAhighAtemperatureAtoAaAregionAofAlowAtemperature.
ConvectionA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TransferAofAheatAbyAtheAmovementAofAheatedAfluidsAorAgases,AusuallyAinAanAupwardAdirecti
on.
EndothermicAReactionA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
ChemicalAreactionAinAwhichAaAsubstanceAabsorbsAheat.
EnergyA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
CapacityAtoAperformAwork;AoccursAwhenAaAforceAisAappliedAtoAanAobjectAoverAaAdistance,Ao
rAwhenAaAsubstanceAundergoesAaAchemical,Abiological,AorAphysicalAtransformation.
EntrainA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
ToAdrawAinAandAtransportAsolidAparticlesAorAgasesAbyAtheAflowAofAaAfluid.
EntrainmentA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TheAdrawingAinAandAtransportingAofAsolidAparticlesAorAgasesAbyAtheAflowAofAaAfluid.
ExothermicAReactionA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
ChemicalAreactionAbetweenAtwoAorAmoreAmaterialsAthatAchangesAtheAmaterialsAandAprodu
cesAheat.
ExposureAFireA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AAfireAignitedAinAfuelApackagesAorAbuildingsAthatAareAremoteAfromAtheAinitialAfuelApackageAo
rAbuildingAofAorigin.
FireA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-AArapidAoxidationAprocess,AwhichAisAaAgas-
phaseAchemicalAreactionAresultingAinAtheAevolutionAofAlightAandAheatAinAvaryingAintensities.
FireAPointA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TemperatureAatAwhichAaAliquidAfuelAproducesAsufficientAvaporsAtoAsupportAcombustionAonc
eAtheAfuelAignites.ATheAfireApointAisAusuallyAaAfewAdegreesAaboveAtheAflashApoint.
FireATetrahedronA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
ModelAofAtheAfourAelements/conditionsArequiredAtoAhaveAaAfire.ATheAfourAsidesAofAtheAtetra
hedronArepresentAfuel,Aheat,Aoxygen,AandAself-sustainingAchemicalAchainAreaction.
FireATriangleA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
PlaneAgeometricAmodelAofAanAequilateralAtriangleAthatAisAusedAtoAexplainAtheAconditions/el
ementsAnecessaryAforAcombustion.ATheAsidesAofAtheAtriangleArepresentAheat,Aoxygen,Aand
Afuel.
FlammableA(Explosive)ARangeA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
RangeAbetweenAtheAupperAflammableAlimitAandAlowerAflammableAlimitAinAwhichAaAsubstan
ceAcanAignite.
FlashAPointA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
MinimumAtemperatureAatAwhichAaAliquidAgivesAoffAenoughAvaporsAtoAformAanAignitableAmixt
ureAwithAairAnearAtheAsurfaceAofAtheAliquid.
FlashoverA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
RapidAtransitionAfromAtheAgrowthAstageAtoAtheAfullyAdevelopedAstage.
Chapter 4 Key Terms Questions and
Answers
AsphyxiationA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
FatalAconditionAcausedAbyAsevereAoxygenAdeficiencyAandAanAexcessAofAcarbonAmonoxideA
and/orAotherAgasesAinAtheAblood.
AutoignitionA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
InitiationAofAcombustionAbyAheatAbutAwithoutAaAsparkAorAflame.
AutoignitionATemperatureA(AIT)A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TheAlowestAtemperatureAatAwhichAaAcombustibleAmaterialAignitesAinAairAwithoutAaAsparkAorA
flame.
BackdraftA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
InstantaneousAexplosionAorArapidAburningAofAsuperheatedAgasesAthatAoccursAwhenAoxyge
nAisAintroducedAintoAanAoxygen-
depletedAconfinedAspace.ATheAstalledAcombustionAresumesAwithAexplosiveAforce;AmayAoc
curAbecauseAofAinadequateAorAimproperAventilationAprocedures.
BuoyantA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TheAtendencyAorAcapacityAofAaAliquidAorAgasAtoAremainAafloatAorArise.
Carbon-BasedAFuelsA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
FuelsAinAwhichAtheAenergyAofAcombustionAderivesAprincipallyAfromAcarbon;AincludesAmateri
alsAsuchAasAwood,Acotton,Acoal,AorApetroleum.
CarbonADioxideA(CO2)A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
Colorless,Aodorless,AheavierAthanAairAgasAthatAneitherAsupportsAcombustionAnorAburns;Aus
edAinAportableAfireAextinguishersAasAanAextinguishingAagentAtoAextinguishAClassABAorACAfire
sAbyAsmotheringAorAdisplacingAtheAoxygen.ACO2AisAaAwasteAproductAofAaerobicAmetabolis
m.
CarbonAMonoxideA(CO)A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
Colorless,Aodorless,AdangerousAgasA(bothAtoxicAandAflammable)AformedAbyAtheAincomplet
eAcombustionAofAcarbon.AItAcombinesAmoreAthanA200AtimesAasAquicklyAwithAhemoglobinAas
Aoxygen,AthusAdecreasesAtheAblood'sAabilityAtoAcarryAoxygen.
CeilingAJetA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
HorizontalAmovementAofAaAlayerAofAhotAgasesAandAcombustionAby-
productsAfromAtheAcenterApointAofAtheAplume,AwhenAaAhorizontalAsurfaceAsuchAasAaAceilingA
redirectsAtheAverticalAdevelopmentAofAtheArisingAplume.
ChemicalAFlameAInhibitionA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
ExtinguishmentAofAaAfireAbyAinterruptionAofAtheAchemicalAchainAreaction.
CombustionA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AAchemicalAprocessAofAoxidationAthatAoccursAatAaArateAfastAenoughAtoAproduceAheatAandAu
suallyAlightAinAtheAformAofAeitherAaAglowAorAflame.
CombustionAZoneA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AreaAsurroundingAaAheatAsourceAinAwhichAthereAisAsufficientAairAavailableAtoAfeedAaAfire.
, CompartmentationA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TheAwayAthatAtheAarrangementAofAcompartmentsAcreatesAorAdoesAnotAcreateAaAseriesAofAb
arriersAdesignedAtoAkeepAflames,Asmoke,AandAheatAfromAspreadingAfromAoneAroomAorAfloo
rAtoAanother.
ConductionA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
PhysicalAflowAorAtransferAofAheatAenergyAfromAoneAbodyAtoAanother,AthroughAdirectAcontact
AorAanAinterveningAmedium,AfromAtheApointAwhereAtheAheatAisAproducedAtoAanotherAlocatio
n,AorAfromAaAregionAofAhighAtemperatureAtoAaAregionAofAlowAtemperature.
ConvectionA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TransferAofAheatAbyAtheAmovementAofAheatedAfluidsAorAgases,AusuallyAinAanAupwardAdirecti
on.
EndothermicAReactionA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
ChemicalAreactionAinAwhichAaAsubstanceAabsorbsAheat.
EnergyA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
CapacityAtoAperformAwork;AoccursAwhenAaAforceAisAappliedAtoAanAobjectAoverAaAdistance,Ao
rAwhenAaAsubstanceAundergoesAaAchemical,Abiological,AorAphysicalAtransformation.
EntrainA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
ToAdrawAinAandAtransportAsolidAparticlesAorAgasesAbyAtheAflowAofAaAfluid.
EntrainmentA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TheAdrawingAinAandAtransportingAofAsolidAparticlesAorAgasesAbyAtheAflowAofAaAfluid.
ExothermicAReactionA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
ChemicalAreactionAbetweenAtwoAorAmoreAmaterialsAthatAchangesAtheAmaterialsAandAprodu
cesAheat.
ExposureAFireA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
AAfireAignitedAinAfuelApackagesAorAbuildingsAthatAareAremoteAfromAtheAinitialAfuelApackageAo
rAbuildingAofAorigin.
FireA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-AArapidAoxidationAprocess,AwhichAisAaAgas-
phaseAchemicalAreactionAresultingAinAtheAevolutionAofAlightAandAheatAinAvaryingAintensities.
FireAPointA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
TemperatureAatAwhichAaAliquidAfuelAproducesAsufficientAvaporsAtoAsupportAcombustionAonc
eAtheAfuelAignites.ATheAfireApointAisAusuallyAaAfewAdegreesAaboveAtheAflashApoint.
FireATetrahedronA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
ModelAofAtheAfourAelements/conditionsArequiredAtoAhaveAaAfire.ATheAfourAsidesAofAtheAtetra
hedronArepresentAfuel,Aheat,Aoxygen,AandAself-sustainingAchemicalAchainAreaction.
FireATriangleA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
PlaneAgeometricAmodelAofAanAequilateralAtriangleAthatAisAusedAtoAexplainAtheAconditions/el
ementsAnecessaryAforAcombustion.ATheAsidesAofAtheAtriangleArepresentAheat,Aoxygen,Aand
Afuel.
FlammableA(Explosive)ARangeA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
RangeAbetweenAtheAupperAflammableAlimitAandAlowerAflammableAlimitAinAwhichAaAsubstan
ceAcanAignite.
FlashAPointA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
MinimumAtemperatureAatAwhichAaAliquidAgivesAoffAenoughAvaporsAtoAformAanAignitableAmixt
ureAwithAairAnearAtheAsurfaceAofAtheAliquid.
FlashoverA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
RapidAtransitionAfromAtheAgrowthAstageAtoAtheAfullyAdevelopedAstage.
