EXAM 3 - BIOS 242 - CHAMBERLAIN questions and
answers 2025-2026 update
the first line of defense is a surface protection composed of ____ and ____ barriers that keep microbe
from penetrating sterile body compartments-ANS >>anatomical, physiological
the second line of defense is a ___ and ___ system that comes immediately into play if infectious agent
make it past the surface defenses-ANS >>cellular, chemical
the third line of defense include ____ that must be developed uniquely for each microbe through the actio
of specialized white blood cells-ANS >>specific host defenses
the first line of defense includes-ANS >>physical and chemical barriers
the second line of defense includes-ANS >>phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, antimicrobial proteins
the third line of defense includes-ANS >>B and T cells
what are the physical barriers on the skin?-ANS >>hair follicles, sweat glands, mucous membranes
what are the chemical barriers of the skin?-ANS >>lysozyme, saliva, sweat, skin's pH, hydrochloric acid
bile, resident microbiota
what are the first lines of defense in the mouth?-ANS >>saliva (contains lysozyme)
where do B cells mature?-ANS >>develop and mature in red bone marrow
where do t cells mature?-ANS >>develop in bone marrow and mature in the thymus
what is an antigen?-ANS >>foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response
what is another name for antigens?-ANS >>immunogens
, where do antigens come from?-ANS >>proteins and polysaccharides from cells and viruses
what are the functions of plasmid cells?-ANS >>release antibodies into the tissue/blood, attach t
antigens for destruction
true or false: plasmid cells can produce 2000 antibodies per second-ANS >>true
what is the percentage of neutrophils circulating WBC?-ANS >>55-90%
what is the percentage of eosinophils circulating WBC?-ANS >>2-4%
what is the percentage of basophils circulating WBC?-ANS >>less than 0.5%
what is the percentage of lymphocytes circulating WBC?-ANS >>20-35%
what is the percentage of monocytes circulating WBC?-ANS >>3-7%
what is the function of neutrophils?-ANS >>production of toxic chemicals and phagocytosis
neutrophils react early in the ____ response to bacteria, foreign materials, and damaged tissue-AN
>>inflammatory
a common sign of a bacterial infection is a high number of-ANS >>neutrophils
what is the function of eosinophils?-ANS >>attack and destroy large eukaryotic pathogens
which WBC is attracted to sites of parasitic infections?-ANS >>eosinophils
elevation of eosinophil count occurs in ____ and ___ infections-ANS >>helminths, allergic
what is the function of basophils?-ANS >>produce histamine and heparin
basophils mediate ___ reactions-ANS >>allergic
what are the two types of lymphocytes?-ANS >>B and T cells
B cells form plasma cells that...-ANS >>produce antibodies
answers 2025-2026 update
the first line of defense is a surface protection composed of ____ and ____ barriers that keep microbe
from penetrating sterile body compartments-ANS >>anatomical, physiological
the second line of defense is a ___ and ___ system that comes immediately into play if infectious agent
make it past the surface defenses-ANS >>cellular, chemical
the third line of defense include ____ that must be developed uniquely for each microbe through the actio
of specialized white blood cells-ANS >>specific host defenses
the first line of defense includes-ANS >>physical and chemical barriers
the second line of defense includes-ANS >>phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, antimicrobial proteins
the third line of defense includes-ANS >>B and T cells
what are the physical barriers on the skin?-ANS >>hair follicles, sweat glands, mucous membranes
what are the chemical barriers of the skin?-ANS >>lysozyme, saliva, sweat, skin's pH, hydrochloric acid
bile, resident microbiota
what are the first lines of defense in the mouth?-ANS >>saliva (contains lysozyme)
where do B cells mature?-ANS >>develop and mature in red bone marrow
where do t cells mature?-ANS >>develop in bone marrow and mature in the thymus
what is an antigen?-ANS >>foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response
what is another name for antigens?-ANS >>immunogens
, where do antigens come from?-ANS >>proteins and polysaccharides from cells and viruses
what are the functions of plasmid cells?-ANS >>release antibodies into the tissue/blood, attach t
antigens for destruction
true or false: plasmid cells can produce 2000 antibodies per second-ANS >>true
what is the percentage of neutrophils circulating WBC?-ANS >>55-90%
what is the percentage of eosinophils circulating WBC?-ANS >>2-4%
what is the percentage of basophils circulating WBC?-ANS >>less than 0.5%
what is the percentage of lymphocytes circulating WBC?-ANS >>20-35%
what is the percentage of monocytes circulating WBC?-ANS >>3-7%
what is the function of neutrophils?-ANS >>production of toxic chemicals and phagocytosis
neutrophils react early in the ____ response to bacteria, foreign materials, and damaged tissue-AN
>>inflammatory
a common sign of a bacterial infection is a high number of-ANS >>neutrophils
what is the function of eosinophils?-ANS >>attack and destroy large eukaryotic pathogens
which WBC is attracted to sites of parasitic infections?-ANS >>eosinophils
elevation of eosinophil count occurs in ____ and ___ infections-ANS >>helminths, allergic
what is the function of basophils?-ANS >>produce histamine and heparin
basophils mediate ___ reactions-ANS >>allergic
what are the two types of lymphocytes?-ANS >>B and T cells
B cells form plasma cells that...-ANS >>produce antibodies
