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Samenvatting Biologische Psychologie II

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Dit document bevat zowel notities van de hoorcolleges (gebaseerd op de powerpoint-slides) als aanvullingen vanuit het handboek. De samenvatting is zodanig opgesteld dat je niet meer in het handboek moet kijken voor extra uitleg over de behandelde thema's.

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Biologische psychologie II
Samenvatting – notities

Opleiding: Professionele bachelor Toegepaste Psychologie
Academiejaar: 2024 - 2025
Trajectschijf: 1


Student: Anouk Van Dijck
Lector: Kris Baetens




1

,Inhoudsopgave
Biologische psychologie II ........................................................................................................ 1
Inhoudsopgave ......................................................................................................................... 2
Hoorcollege 1 ......................................................................................................................... 11
1. Hoofdstuk 1: inleiding ...................................................................................................... 11
1.1. Situering ................................................................................................................. 11
1.1.1. Zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................... 11
1.1.1.1. Specifieke deelstructuren ........................................................................... 11
1.2. Netwerkstructuren .................................................................................................. 12
1.2.1. Convergentie .................................................................................................. 13
1.2.2. Herverdeling van informatie ............................................................................ 14
1.2.3. Divergentie...................................................................................................... 14
1.2.4. Minimaliseren van ruis .................................................................................... 14
1.2.4.1. Feedback .................................................................................................... 14
1.2.4.2. Feedforward ................................................................................................ 15
1.2.4.3. Laterale inhibitie .......................................................................................... 16
1.2.5. Coïncidentiedetector ....................................................................................... 17
1.3. Conclusie ................................................................................................................ 17
1.4. Zintuigen ................................................................................................................. 17
1.4.1. Klassieke zintuigen ......................................................................................... 17
1.4.1.1. Case study van Ian Waterman ................................................................... 17
1.4.2. Andere zintuigen ............................................................................................. 18
1.4.3. Basis ............................................................................................................... 19
1.4.4. Problemen met klassieke definities ................................................................ 19
1.4.5. Essentieel bij alle modaliteiten........................................................................ 20
1.4.5.1. Gespecialiseerde cellen .............................................................................. 20
1.4.5.2. Sensorische receptoren .............................................................................. 20
1.4.5.3. Gespecialiseerde verwerking ...................................................................... 21
1.4.5.4. Voorbeeld zintuiglijke illusie ........................................................................ 22
1.4.5.5. Troxler-effect ............................................................................................... 23
Hoorcollege 2 ......................................................................................................................... 23
2. Hoofdstuk 6: Het zicht ..................................................................................................... 23
2.1. Het oog ........................................................................................................................ 24
2.1.1. De stimulus: licht ................................................................................................... 24
2.2. Anatomie van het oog .................................................................................................. 27


2

, 2.2.1. Macro-anatomie .................................................................................................... 27
2.2.1.1. Retina en oogzenuw ....................................................................................... 28
2.2.2. Fixatie en oogbewegingen .................................................................................... 30
2.2.3. Evolutie ................................................................................................................. 31
2.2.3.1. Euglena gracilis .............................................................................................. 31
2.3. De retina ...................................................................................................................... 31
2.3.1. Opbouw ................................................................................................................. 32
2.3.1.1. Weg dat inkomend licht aflegt ........................................................................ 32
2.3.2. Fotoreceptoren (BELANGRIJK) ............................................................................ 33
2.3.2.1. Opbouw .......................................................................................................... 33
2.3.2.2. Staafjes en kegeltjes ...................................................................................... 34
2.3.2.3. Verwerking lichtintesiteit ................................................................................. 36
2.3.3. Bipolaire cellen ...................................................................................................... 37
2.3.4. Ganlioncellen ........................................................................................................ 38
2.3.5. Horizontale en amacrine cellen ............................................................................. 40
2.3.6. Centraal en perifeer zicht ...................................................................................... 41
2.3.6.1. Structurele eigenschappen ............................................................................. 42
2.4. Hersenregio’s betrokken bij visuele processen ........................................................... 43
2.4.1. Overzicht van het visuele circuit............................................................................ 43
2.4.2. Thalamus (Dorso)laterale geniculate of LGN ........................................................ 46
2.4.3. Cortex striata – V1 – primaire visuele cortex ........................................................ 47
2.4.4. Cortex extrastriata ................................................................................................. 48
2.4.5. Schematische voorstelling visueel systeem .......................................................... 49
2.4.5.1. V2 ................................................................................................................... 50
2.4.5.2. V3 ................................................................................................................... 50
2.3.5.3. V4 ................................................................................................................... 51
Hoorcollege 3 ......................................................................................................................... 51
3. Hoofdstuk 3; Kleurperceptie ............................................................................................ 51
3.1. Ganglioncellen: licht & donker voor perceptie van helderheid ..................................... 51
3.1.1. Werking ON-ganglioncel ....................................................................................... 52
3.1.2. Werken OFF-ganglioncel ...................................................................................... 53
3.2. Rol van de retina (kleurperceptie)................................................................................ 57
3.2.1. Fotoreceptoren en kleurenblindheid...................................................................... 59
3.2.2. Codering adhv tegenkleurensysteem.................................................................... 60
3.2.3. LGN - cortex striata .............................................................................................. 62
3.2.4. Cortex extrastriata ................................................................................................. 64


3

, 3.2.5. Kleurconstantie ..................................................................................................... 64
4. Hoofdstuk 4; Vormperceptie............................................................................................ 66
4.1. Spatiale frequentie ....................................................................................................... 66
4.1.1. Lokale code ........................................................................................................... 67
4.1.2. Gedistribueerde code ............................................................................................ 68
4.1.3. Sinusoidaal contrastrooster................................................................................... 69
4.1.4. Verwerking HSF .................................................................................................... 71
4.1.5. Verwerking LSF..................................................................................................... 71
Hoorcollege 4 ......................................................................................................................... 71
4.1.6. Invloed dreigingscontext ....................................................................................... 71
4.1.6.1. Invloed dreigingscontext verwerking HSF ...................................................... 74
4.1.6.2. Invloed dreigingscontext verwerking LSF ....................................................... 74
4.1.6.3. Toepassingen ................................................................................................. 75
4.1.6.4. Samenvatting.................................................................................................. 76
4.2. Cortex extrastriata ....................................................................................................... 76
4.2.1. TEO ....................................................................................................................... 77
4.2.2. TE.......................................................................................................................... 77
4.2.2.1 Problemen ....................................................................................................... 77
4.2.3. EBA ....................................................................................................................... 79
4.2.4. PPA ....................................................................................................................... 80
4.2.5. Fusiform Face -> Flexible Fusiform Area .............................................................. 81
4.2.6. Lateraal Occipetaal Complex (LOC) ..................................................................... 81
5. Hoofdstuk 5: Perceptie van spatiale locatie & beweging ................................................ 82
5.1. Perceptie van spatiale locatie ...................................................................................... 83
5.1.1. Rol van retina ........................................................................................................ 83
5.1.1.1. Dieptezicht ...................................................................................................... 83
5.1.2.Cortex extrastriata .................................................................................................. 84
5.2. Perceptie van beweging .............................................................................................. 86
5.2.1. Rol van cortex striata ............................................................................................ 86
5.2.2. Rol van cortex extrastriata .................................................................................... 87
5.2.2.1. Akinetopsie ..................................................................................................... 88
5.2.2.2. Form from motion ........................................................................................... 88
5.3. Alle breinregio’s visueel systeem................................................................................. 89
Hoorcollege 5 ......................................................................................................................... 89
6. Hoofdstuk 7; Gehoor, evenwicht, tast, smaak en geur ................................................... 89
6.1. Gehoor ......................................................................................................................... 90


4

Connected book
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Neil Carlson, Melissa Birkett Physiology of Behavior, GE
Publisher: Unknown ISBN: 9781292430287 Edition: Unknown

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