NSG 411 FINAL REVIEW - Exam 2
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What is the cause of cardiogenic shock? - CORRECT ANSWER - Ischemia of the heart
usually due to cardiac event such as acute MI, myocarditis, myocardial contusion, severe
stenosis, etc
DIC is a disorder in which
A) the coagulation pathway is genetically altered, leading to thrombus formation in all major
blood vessels
B) an underlying disease depletes hemolytic factors in the blood, leading to diffuse thrombotic
episodes and infarcts
C) a disease process stimulates an abnormal coagulation process with resultant thrombosis,
which depletes clotting factors and platelets, leading to both clotting and hemorrhage
D) an inherited predisposition causes a deficiency of clotting factors that leads to overstimulation
of coagulation processes in the vasculature - CORRECT ANSWER - C) a disease process
stimulates an abnormal coagulation process with resultant thrombosis, which depletes clotting
factors and platelets, leading to both clotting and hemorrhage
What are the primary causes of DIC? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Septicemia (40%)
-Obstetrical complications (preeclampsia, hemorrhaging, placenta previa, fetal demise)
-Shock
-Hemolytic processes
-Malignancies
-Tissue Damage
-Liver Damage
-Autoimmune diseases (Lupus)
,What clinical manifestations may suggest bleeding related to DIC?
Skin?
Respiratory?
Cardiac?
GI?
Neurological?
GU? - CORRECT ANSWER - *Skin*: petechiae, purpura, pallor, oozing, hematomas
*Respiratory*: Tachypnea, hemoptysis, orthopnea
*Cardiac*: Tachycardia, hypotension
*GI*: Upper/Lower GI Bleed, Bloody stools, abdominal distention
*Neurological*: Vision changes, headache, irritability, mental status changes
*GU*: Hematuria
What clinical manifestations may suggest clotting related to DIC?
Skin?
Respiratory?
Cardiac?
GI?
GU? - CORRECT ANSWER - *Skin*: cyanosis, tissue necrosis, ischemic changes,
gangrene, pain
*Respiratory*: tachypnea, dyspnea, acute respiratory distress
*Cardiac*: EKG Changes, JVD
*GI*: Abdominal pain, paralytic ileus
*GU*: Oliguria, kidney damage
What is the first lab you would order if DIC is suspected? - CORRECT ANSWER - D-
dimer
, Would you expect the following labs to be high/low with DIC?
D-Dimer
PT/PTT
Platelets
Fibrin
Fibrinogen - CORRECT ANSWER - D-Dimer: *high*
PT/PTT: *high*
Platelets: *low*
Fibrin: *low*
Fibrinogen: *low*
What type of anticoagulants are used to treat DIC? - CORRECT ANSWER - Heparin
(inpatient)
Lovenox (outpatient)
*DIC does not respond to oral anticoagulants*
What are the parameters for platelets to be given to a patient with DIC? - CORRECT
ANSWER - If platelets are less than 20,000
OR
If platelets are less than 50,000 and there is bleeding
What level of hemoglobin is topically used as the benchmark for receiving whole blood? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Less than 7 g/dl
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What is the cause of cardiogenic shock? - CORRECT ANSWER - Ischemia of the heart
usually due to cardiac event such as acute MI, myocarditis, myocardial contusion, severe
stenosis, etc
DIC is a disorder in which
A) the coagulation pathway is genetically altered, leading to thrombus formation in all major
blood vessels
B) an underlying disease depletes hemolytic factors in the blood, leading to diffuse thrombotic
episodes and infarcts
C) a disease process stimulates an abnormal coagulation process with resultant thrombosis,
which depletes clotting factors and platelets, leading to both clotting and hemorrhage
D) an inherited predisposition causes a deficiency of clotting factors that leads to overstimulation
of coagulation processes in the vasculature - CORRECT ANSWER - C) a disease process
stimulates an abnormal coagulation process with resultant thrombosis, which depletes clotting
factors and platelets, leading to both clotting and hemorrhage
What are the primary causes of DIC? - CORRECT ANSWER - -Septicemia (40%)
-Obstetrical complications (preeclampsia, hemorrhaging, placenta previa, fetal demise)
-Shock
-Hemolytic processes
-Malignancies
-Tissue Damage
-Liver Damage
-Autoimmune diseases (Lupus)
,What clinical manifestations may suggest bleeding related to DIC?
Skin?
Respiratory?
Cardiac?
GI?
Neurological?
GU? - CORRECT ANSWER - *Skin*: petechiae, purpura, pallor, oozing, hematomas
*Respiratory*: Tachypnea, hemoptysis, orthopnea
*Cardiac*: Tachycardia, hypotension
*GI*: Upper/Lower GI Bleed, Bloody stools, abdominal distention
*Neurological*: Vision changes, headache, irritability, mental status changes
*GU*: Hematuria
What clinical manifestations may suggest clotting related to DIC?
Skin?
Respiratory?
Cardiac?
GI?
GU? - CORRECT ANSWER - *Skin*: cyanosis, tissue necrosis, ischemic changes,
gangrene, pain
*Respiratory*: tachypnea, dyspnea, acute respiratory distress
*Cardiac*: EKG Changes, JVD
*GI*: Abdominal pain, paralytic ileus
*GU*: Oliguria, kidney damage
What is the first lab you would order if DIC is suspected? - CORRECT ANSWER - D-
dimer
, Would you expect the following labs to be high/low with DIC?
D-Dimer
PT/PTT
Platelets
Fibrin
Fibrinogen - CORRECT ANSWER - D-Dimer: *high*
PT/PTT: *high*
Platelets: *low*
Fibrin: *low*
Fibrinogen: *low*
What type of anticoagulants are used to treat DIC? - CORRECT ANSWER - Heparin
(inpatient)
Lovenox (outpatient)
*DIC does not respond to oral anticoagulants*
What are the parameters for platelets to be given to a patient with DIC? - CORRECT
ANSWER - If platelets are less than 20,000
OR
If platelets are less than 50,000 and there is bleeding
What level of hemoglobin is topically used as the benchmark for receiving whole blood? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Less than 7 g/dl
