TEST BANK FOR
r r
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
r r r r r r r r r r r
,Chapter 1-27 r
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
r r r r r r r r r
MULTIPLE CHOICE r
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
r r r r r r r r
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B r
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
r r r r r r r r r r
DIF: Cognitive Level: I r r
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
r r r r r r r r
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. r
ANS: C r
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powder
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
s derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
r r r r r r r
DIF: Cognitive Level: I r r
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
r r r r r r r r
a. recognize self from nonself. r r r
b. defend the body against nonself. r r r r
c. amplify specific functions. r r
d. Both A and B. r r r
ANS: D r
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body against no
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
nself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspecific effector me
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
chanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components of the immune syste
r r r r r r r r r r r r
m include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., com
r r r r r r r r r r
plement).
DIF: Cognitive Level: I r r
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
r r r r r
a. natural resistance. r
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. r r r r
, c. an autoimmune disorder. r r
d. recovery from infectious disease. r r r
ANS: C r
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired resista
r r r r r r r r r r r
nce to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause many disord
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
ers. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transplanted organ, or an
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
autoimmune disorder. r
DIF: Cognitive Level: I r r
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
r r r r r r r
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. r r r
ANS: D r
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with the dis
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
tinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation among diff
r r r r r r r r r r
erent cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in the im
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
mune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In addition, speci
r r r r r r r r r r r r
fic and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation is require
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
d for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell products, and no
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
nlymphoid elements. r
DIF: Cognitive Level: I r r
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the r r r r r r r
a. immediate hours after conception r r r
b. second month of gestation. r r r
c. second trimester of gestation. r r r
d. periods of severe anemia in children. r r r r r
ANS: A r
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the embryo and
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
DIF: Cognitive Level: II r r
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
r r r r r r r r r r r
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow. r r r r
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen. r r r r
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. r r r r
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac. r r r r
ANS: A r
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of the y
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
olk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the yolk sac as the
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes the major site
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial appearance. The liver a
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
nd spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth month of gestation, bone
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow begins to assume it
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
s ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
r r r r r r r r
DIF: Cognitive Level: II r r
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
r r r r r r
a. to reduce inflammation. r r
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
r r r r r r
c. antigen recognition. r
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D r
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal syste
r r r r r r r r r r
m, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and can be f
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
ound in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflammatory s
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
ite. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an intruding age
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
nt. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in severe infecti
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
ons.
DIF: Cognitive Level: II r r
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
r r r r r r r
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. r r r
ANS: D r
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
r r r r r r r r r r
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, m r r r r r r r r
yeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. r r r r r r r r
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases r r r r r r
DIF: Cognitive Level: I r r
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated with
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba r
c. allergic reactions r
d. bacteria
ANS: C r
r r
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
r r r r r r r r r r r
,Chapter 1-27 r
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
r r r r r r r r r
MULTIPLE CHOICE r
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
r r r r r r r r
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B r
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
r r r r r r r r r r
DIF: Cognitive Level: I r r
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
r r r r r r r r
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. r
ANS: C r
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powder
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
s derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
r r r r r r r
DIF: Cognitive Level: I r r
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
r r r r r r r r
a. recognize self from nonself. r r r
b. defend the body against nonself. r r r r
c. amplify specific functions. r r
d. Both A and B. r r r
ANS: D r
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body against no
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
nself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspecific effector me
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
chanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components of the immune syste
r r r r r r r r r r r r
m include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., com
r r r r r r r r r r
plement).
DIF: Cognitive Level: I r r
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
r r r r r
a. natural resistance. r
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. r r r r
, c. an autoimmune disorder. r r
d. recovery from infectious disease. r r r
ANS: C r
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired resista
r r r r r r r r r r r
nce to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause many disord
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
ers. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transplanted organ, or an
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
autoimmune disorder. r
DIF: Cognitive Level: I r r
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
r r r r r r r
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. r r r
ANS: D r
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with the dis
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
tinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation among diff
r r r r r r r r r r
erent cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in the im
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
mune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In addition, speci
r r r r r r r r r r r r
fic and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation is require
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
d for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell products, and no
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
nlymphoid elements. r
DIF: Cognitive Level: I r r
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the r r r r r r r
a. immediate hours after conception r r r
b. second month of gestation. r r r
c. second trimester of gestation. r r r
d. periods of severe anemia in children. r r r r r
ANS: A r
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the embryo and
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
r r r r r r r r r r r r r
DIF: Cognitive Level: II r r
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
r r r r r r r r r r r
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow. r r r r
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen. r r r r
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. r r r r
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac. r r r r
ANS: A r
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of the y
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
olk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the yolk sac as the
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes the major site
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial appearance. The liver a
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
nd spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth month of gestation, bone
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow begins to assume it
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
s ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
r r r r r r r r
DIF: Cognitive Level: II r r
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
r r r r r r
a. to reduce inflammation. r r
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
r r r r r r
c. antigen recognition. r
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D r
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal syste
r r r r r r r r r r
m, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and can be f
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
ound in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflammatory s
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
ite. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an intruding age
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
nt. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in severe infecti
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
ons.
DIF: Cognitive Level: II r r
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
r r r r r r r
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. r r r
ANS: D r
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
r r r r r r r r r r
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, m r r r r r r r r
yeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. r r r r r r r r
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases r r r r r r
DIF: Cognitive Level: I r r
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated with
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba r
c. allergic reactions r
d. bacteria
ANS: C r
