C224 Research Foundations || A+ Score Secured.
Deductive Reasoning correct answers Drawing conclusions. Logical deductive process working
down - going from big to small. ex. All books sold at that store are new, and all the books I
bought came from that store. Therefore, all the books I own are new.
Inductive Reasoning correct answers Starts specific. Accepting conclusions. Going from small to
big. Ex. The water at the beach has been about 75 degrees anytime I visit in July. Today is July
15th, so I expect the water will be about 75 degrees when I go to the beach tomorrow.
Epistemology correct answers the overall pursuit of knowledge, not a specific knowledge
contention. The study of knowledge itself.
Rule of Parsimony correct answers Simple and concise, succint
Criterion of Falsifiability correct answers if it can't be rejected, then its going in the right
direction
The Principle of Evidence correct answers researchers conduct research to acquire evidence that
may support a theory and/or hypothesis. Researchers do not attempt to prove what is true.
Ontology correct answers Inherent understanding. Nature of reality/truth
Experimental Research correct answers Quantitative. Random assignment - not random
selection.
Quantitation Research Methods correct answers Experimental and Non-Experimental
Non-Experimental Research Methods correct answers Correlation and Casual Comparative
,Correlation research method correct answers Quantitative. A process to collect data to determine
if a relationship exists between two or more quantitative variables, and to what degree.
Correlation Coefficient correct answers Strength and direction of a relationship between two
variables. range of +1 to -1
Positive Correlation correct answers r=+1 (points follow along a line)
Negative Correlation correct answers r=-1 (no correlation is a 0 and looks like a gun shot all
over)
Variables correct answers a condition or characteristic that can take on different values or
categories (such as age, GPA, gender, etc.)
Quantitative Variable correct answers a variable that varies in degree or amount of a
phenomenon (ex. Temperature, weight, GPA, reading performance, etc.)
Categorical Variables correct answers a variable that is made up of different types of categories
of a phenomenon (gender, ethnicity, type of school, teaching method, religion, social class)
Descriptive Statistics correct answers Goal is to describe, summarize, or make sense of a
particular set of data.
Inferential Statistics correct answers where researchers use the laws of probability to make
inferences about populations based on sample data. In the branch of inferential statistics known
as estimation, researchers want to estimate the characteristics of populations based on their
sample data. To make valid statistical estimations about populations, they use random samples
(i.e., "probability" samples). In the branch of inferential statistics known as hypothesis testing,
researchers test specific hypotheses about populations based on their sample data.
Help researchers to know whether they can generalize to a population of individuals based on
information obtained from a limited number of research participants.
, Strengths of Quantitative Research correct answers Testing and validating already constructed
theories
Can generalize research findings when based on random samples
Determining nomothetic consumption (general scientific casual relationships)
Quick and cheap
Qualitative Research correct answers Bottom-up philosophy
Qualitative Research purpose correct answers Collects text or imagery data to gain a deeper
understanding of existing phenomena, gain insight on insider perspective. Exploration,
discovery, understanding
Quantitative Research Purpose correct answers Collect numerical data. Purpose is to describe,
predict, control, or explain. Narrow lens approach (top-down)
Linguistic-relativity hypothesis correct answers (assumptions of qualitative research) Intuits'
local languages might allow them to see distinctions that you do not notice.
Empathetic Understanding correct answers (assumptions of qualitative research) I can appreciate
where you're coming from. I have an interest in you
Ontology (Qualitative Assumption) correct answers (inherit understanding) Take on personal,
mental, subjective, personal, constructed
Epistemology (Qualitative Assumption) correct answers (theory of knowledge) Everything is
relative, varying standards, individual/group justification, social construction. Overall
understanding of how knowledge is created.
Deductive Reasoning correct answers Drawing conclusions. Logical deductive process working
down - going from big to small. ex. All books sold at that store are new, and all the books I
bought came from that store. Therefore, all the books I own are new.
Inductive Reasoning correct answers Starts specific. Accepting conclusions. Going from small to
big. Ex. The water at the beach has been about 75 degrees anytime I visit in July. Today is July
15th, so I expect the water will be about 75 degrees when I go to the beach tomorrow.
Epistemology correct answers the overall pursuit of knowledge, not a specific knowledge
contention. The study of knowledge itself.
Rule of Parsimony correct answers Simple and concise, succint
Criterion of Falsifiability correct answers if it can't be rejected, then its going in the right
direction
The Principle of Evidence correct answers researchers conduct research to acquire evidence that
may support a theory and/or hypothesis. Researchers do not attempt to prove what is true.
Ontology correct answers Inherent understanding. Nature of reality/truth
Experimental Research correct answers Quantitative. Random assignment - not random
selection.
Quantitation Research Methods correct answers Experimental and Non-Experimental
Non-Experimental Research Methods correct answers Correlation and Casual Comparative
,Correlation research method correct answers Quantitative. A process to collect data to determine
if a relationship exists between two or more quantitative variables, and to what degree.
Correlation Coefficient correct answers Strength and direction of a relationship between two
variables. range of +1 to -1
Positive Correlation correct answers r=+1 (points follow along a line)
Negative Correlation correct answers r=-1 (no correlation is a 0 and looks like a gun shot all
over)
Variables correct answers a condition or characteristic that can take on different values or
categories (such as age, GPA, gender, etc.)
Quantitative Variable correct answers a variable that varies in degree or amount of a
phenomenon (ex. Temperature, weight, GPA, reading performance, etc.)
Categorical Variables correct answers a variable that is made up of different types of categories
of a phenomenon (gender, ethnicity, type of school, teaching method, religion, social class)
Descriptive Statistics correct answers Goal is to describe, summarize, or make sense of a
particular set of data.
Inferential Statistics correct answers where researchers use the laws of probability to make
inferences about populations based on sample data. In the branch of inferential statistics known
as estimation, researchers want to estimate the characteristics of populations based on their
sample data. To make valid statistical estimations about populations, they use random samples
(i.e., "probability" samples). In the branch of inferential statistics known as hypothesis testing,
researchers test specific hypotheses about populations based on their sample data.
Help researchers to know whether they can generalize to a population of individuals based on
information obtained from a limited number of research participants.
, Strengths of Quantitative Research correct answers Testing and validating already constructed
theories
Can generalize research findings when based on random samples
Determining nomothetic consumption (general scientific casual relationships)
Quick and cheap
Qualitative Research correct answers Bottom-up philosophy
Qualitative Research purpose correct answers Collects text or imagery data to gain a deeper
understanding of existing phenomena, gain insight on insider perspective. Exploration,
discovery, understanding
Quantitative Research Purpose correct answers Collect numerical data. Purpose is to describe,
predict, control, or explain. Narrow lens approach (top-down)
Linguistic-relativity hypothesis correct answers (assumptions of qualitative research) Intuits'
local languages might allow them to see distinctions that you do not notice.
Empathetic Understanding correct answers (assumptions of qualitative research) I can appreciate
where you're coming from. I have an interest in you
Ontology (Qualitative Assumption) correct answers (inherit understanding) Take on personal,
mental, subjective, personal, constructed
Epistemology (Qualitative Assumption) correct answers (theory of knowledge) Everything is
relative, varying standards, individual/group justification, social construction. Overall
understanding of how knowledge is created.
