8/27/25, 11:59 AM Mammalian Genetics BCH5413 Exam 4 Exam| Complete Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers| (2025 update) Assured succe…
Mammalian Genetics BCH5413 Exam 4 Exam|
Complete Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers| (2025 update) Assured success| grade
A+
Save
Terms in this set (331)
What is the central dogma DNA can be both replicated and transcribed into
of molecular biology? mRNA, which can be translated into protein
T/F: the addition of bulky True (this is due to intrastrand crosslinking, in which
aromatic rings and/or adjacent nucleotides basepair, causing bubbling)
exposure to UV light can
cause the DNA to
"bubble."
T/F: chemotherapy can True
cause both single and
double-stranded breaks in
DNA.
Why is it very important Damaged DNA can lead to incorrect base pairing,
that damaged DNA is which can lead to mutations (permanent changes in
repaired? the DNA sequence)
Guanine with a new -C=O bond in place of the
What is 8-oxyguanine?
original =C-H2 bond
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What happens to GC base 8-oxyguanine flips over, causing it to hydrogen bond
pairing when guanine is with adenine (instead of cytosine) and become a
converted to 8- thymine in the next round of DNA replication
oxyguanine?
How many hydrogen 2 (instead of guanine's normal 3)
bonds does 8-oxyguanine
have with its partner
nucleotide?
An agent used in chemotherapy that has lots of bulky
What is cisplatin?
side chains
Bulky adducts (DNA "bubbles") caused by the
What type of DNA
addition of large sidechains and/or intrastrand
damage can be caused by
crosslinking caused by cisplatin binding to 2 adjacent
cisplatin?
guanines
Why is cisplatin an The addition of cisplatin causes damage to DNA, so
effective treatment for introducing it to cancer cells can help damage/kill
cancer? them
What type of mutation Silent mutation
occurs when a single
basepair is changed, but
the amino acid stays the
same?
What type of mutation Missense mutation
occurs when a single
basepair is changed,
changing the amino acid?
What type of mutation Nonsense mutation
occurs when a single
basepair is changed,
causing the formation of a
stop codon?
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,8/27/25, 11:59 AM Mammalian Genetics BCH5413 Exam 4 Exam| Complete Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers| (2025 update) Assured succe…
T/F: mutations in any part False (mutations in the active site are more
of a protein's sequence detrimental than mutations in outer regions of the
can be equally damaging. protein)
What type of mutation Frameshift mutation
occurs when a single
basepair is inserted or
deleted?
What kind of DNA A single-stranded break in the DNA
damage is recognized by
the BER repair proteins?
Why is it necessary to Each type of glycosylase recognizes a different type
have multiple types of of DNA damage
glycosylases?
How does BER differ if a Mono-functional glycosylases will only cleave an
mono-functional vs. a bi- incorrect base; bi-functional glycosylases will cleave
functional glycosylase is both an incorrect base and the DNA's backbone
used?
T/F: "Short-patch" DNA False ("short-patch" DNA repair is when only 1 base is
repair refers to multiple removed and replaced)
bases being removed and
replaced along a short
section of DNA.
What is the additional FEN1 (cleaves the "flap" of incorrect bases)
enzyme that's required for
"long-patch" DNA repair
before ligase can seal up
the nick?
What are the 2 functions (1) To cut the DNA backbone at the 5' end; (2) to
of APE1? proofread for mistakes by DNAP-beta
Functions of APE1 No ligase has been added, so the fragments are not
experiment: why is only 1 able to be connected, giving the short band only (21
short band visible in the bp)
control lane?
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Functions of APE1 DNA ligase is added, causing the 2 fragments to be
experiment: how does the connected and be located higher on the gel (40 bp)
short band become a long
band (21 bp -> 40 bp)?
Functions of APE1 If the base pairing before a nick is CORRECT, ligase
experiment: why does can easily seal it back up; if the base pairing before a
adding ligase to lane 3 nick is a MISMATCH, ligase requires the help of APE1
(correct A/T pairing) cause and DNAP-beta to efficiently seal the nick (low
robust formation of the efficiency if ligase acts alone)
long band while adding
ligase to lane 8 (G/T
mismatch) only results in a
small amount of the long
band?
Functions of APE1 DNAP-beta is not able to remove the incorrect base
experiment: why does the pair before replacing it, as it requires APE1 to do so
addition of DNAP-beta in
lane 9 not improve the
efficiency of forming the
long band?
Functions of APE1 APE1 is able to remove the mismatched base pair,
experiment: why does the allowing DNAP-beta to easily add a new base and
addition of APE1 in lane 10 ligase to seal the nick
improve the efficiency of
long band formation?
T/F: the more APE1 added True (ligation efficiency is dependent on APE1
to nicked DNA, the more concentration)
efficient the ligation is.
T/F: ligation after DNA False (APE1 is required for efficient ligation)
repair can be efficient
without APE1 (only with
ligase and DNAP-beta).
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Mammalian Genetics BCH5413 Exam 4 Exam|
Complete Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers| (2025 update) Assured success| grade
A+
Save
Terms in this set (331)
What is the central dogma DNA can be both replicated and transcribed into
of molecular biology? mRNA, which can be translated into protein
T/F: the addition of bulky True (this is due to intrastrand crosslinking, in which
aromatic rings and/or adjacent nucleotides basepair, causing bubbling)
exposure to UV light can
cause the DNA to
"bubble."
T/F: chemotherapy can True
cause both single and
double-stranded breaks in
DNA.
Why is it very important Damaged DNA can lead to incorrect base pairing,
that damaged DNA is which can lead to mutations (permanent changes in
repaired? the DNA sequence)
Guanine with a new -C=O bond in place of the
What is 8-oxyguanine?
original =C-H2 bond
https://quizlet.com/1068866797/mammalian-genetics-bch5413-exam-4-exam-complete-exam-questions-and-correct-answers-2025-update-assured-s… 1/38
,8/27/25, 11:59 AM Mammalian Genetics BCH5413 Exam 4 Exam| Complete Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers| (2025 update) Assured succe…
What happens to GC base 8-oxyguanine flips over, causing it to hydrogen bond
pairing when guanine is with adenine (instead of cytosine) and become a
converted to 8- thymine in the next round of DNA replication
oxyguanine?
How many hydrogen 2 (instead of guanine's normal 3)
bonds does 8-oxyguanine
have with its partner
nucleotide?
An agent used in chemotherapy that has lots of bulky
What is cisplatin?
side chains
Bulky adducts (DNA "bubbles") caused by the
What type of DNA
addition of large sidechains and/or intrastrand
damage can be caused by
crosslinking caused by cisplatin binding to 2 adjacent
cisplatin?
guanines
Why is cisplatin an The addition of cisplatin causes damage to DNA, so
effective treatment for introducing it to cancer cells can help damage/kill
cancer? them
What type of mutation Silent mutation
occurs when a single
basepair is changed, but
the amino acid stays the
same?
What type of mutation Missense mutation
occurs when a single
basepair is changed,
changing the amino acid?
What type of mutation Nonsense mutation
occurs when a single
basepair is changed,
causing the formation of a
stop codon?
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,8/27/25, 11:59 AM Mammalian Genetics BCH5413 Exam 4 Exam| Complete Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers| (2025 update) Assured succe…
T/F: mutations in any part False (mutations in the active site are more
of a protein's sequence detrimental than mutations in outer regions of the
can be equally damaging. protein)
What type of mutation Frameshift mutation
occurs when a single
basepair is inserted or
deleted?
What kind of DNA A single-stranded break in the DNA
damage is recognized by
the BER repair proteins?
Why is it necessary to Each type of glycosylase recognizes a different type
have multiple types of of DNA damage
glycosylases?
How does BER differ if a Mono-functional glycosylases will only cleave an
mono-functional vs. a bi- incorrect base; bi-functional glycosylases will cleave
functional glycosylase is both an incorrect base and the DNA's backbone
used?
T/F: "Short-patch" DNA False ("short-patch" DNA repair is when only 1 base is
repair refers to multiple removed and replaced)
bases being removed and
replaced along a short
section of DNA.
What is the additional FEN1 (cleaves the "flap" of incorrect bases)
enzyme that's required for
"long-patch" DNA repair
before ligase can seal up
the nick?
What are the 2 functions (1) To cut the DNA backbone at the 5' end; (2) to
of APE1? proofread for mistakes by DNAP-beta
Functions of APE1 No ligase has been added, so the fragments are not
experiment: why is only 1 able to be connected, giving the short band only (21
short band visible in the bp)
control lane?
https://quizlet.com/1068866797/mammalian-genetics-bch5413-exam-4-exam-complete-exam-questions-and-correct-answers-2025-update-assured-s… 3/38
, 8/27/25, 11:59 AM Mammalian Genetics BCH5413 Exam 4 Exam| Complete Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers| (2025 update) Assured succe…
Functions of APE1 DNA ligase is added, causing the 2 fragments to be
experiment: how does the connected and be located higher on the gel (40 bp)
short band become a long
band (21 bp -> 40 bp)?
Functions of APE1 If the base pairing before a nick is CORRECT, ligase
experiment: why does can easily seal it back up; if the base pairing before a
adding ligase to lane 3 nick is a MISMATCH, ligase requires the help of APE1
(correct A/T pairing) cause and DNAP-beta to efficiently seal the nick (low
robust formation of the efficiency if ligase acts alone)
long band while adding
ligase to lane 8 (G/T
mismatch) only results in a
small amount of the long
band?
Functions of APE1 DNAP-beta is not able to remove the incorrect base
experiment: why does the pair before replacing it, as it requires APE1 to do so
addition of DNAP-beta in
lane 9 not improve the
efficiency of forming the
long band?
Functions of APE1 APE1 is able to remove the mismatched base pair,
experiment: why does the allowing DNAP-beta to easily add a new base and
addition of APE1 in lane 10 ligase to seal the nick
improve the efficiency of
long band formation?
T/F: the more APE1 added True (ligation efficiency is dependent on APE1
to nicked DNA, the more concentration)
efficient the ligation is.
T/F: ligation after DNA False (APE1 is required for efficient ligation)
repair can be efficient
without APE1 (only with
ligase and DNAP-beta).
https://quizlet.com/1068866797/mammalian-genetics-bch5413-exam-4-exam-complete-exam-questions-and-correct-answers-2025-update-assured-s… 4/38
