NR605 Week 7 – Questions With Appropriate Solutions
Commonly used evidence-based psychotherapies for the tx of trauma:
Correct Answer - -Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM)
-eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
-dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM) Correct Answer - -biologically based or
bottom-up psychotherapy
-helps support clients in processing acute or cumulative trauma once
preliminary stabilization skills have been learned
eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Correct Answer -
-bottom-up psychotherapy
-helps clients in accessing & processing traumatic memories
dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) Correct Answer - -cognitive or top-
down approach
-support self-regulation after trauma
Primate/Human Brain (Cortex) Correct Answer - -Responsible for:
Higher mental functions
-Core functions: Regulating attention, feelings, and desires, complex
reasoning, abstract thoughts, imagination, language, empathy
-Basic "need": Connection and attachment to others
-When need is met: We feel LOVE
-When need is not met: We experience HEARTACHE
Mammalian Brain (Subcortical region) Correct Answer - might think of it
as the little mouse part of the brain.
-Responsible for: Feelings and memory formation
-Core functions: Emotions, learning and memory, reward/motivation
-Basic "need": Satisfaction and approaching rewards
-When need is met: We feel CONTENTMENT
-When need is not met: We experience FRUSTRATION
Reptilian Brain (Brain stem and cerebellum) Correct Answer - -
Responsible for: Survival and maintenance
-Core functions: Regulating heartbeat, breathing, and other vital organs
,-Basic "need": Safety and avoiding harm
-When need is met: We feel PEACE
-When need is not met: We experience FEAR
Trauma Correct Answer - -any incident or series of events that
overwhelm an individual's ability to cope
-What happens inside us as a result of what happens to us
-may be emotionally disturbing or life-threatening
-may have enduring effects on emotional, psychological, physical, and spiritual
well-being
-70% of adults in U.S. report having had a traumatic experience
that at increased risk of experiencing a traumatic event Correct Answer -
gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, people of color, low education &
socioeconomic status
experiences that may be traumatic include: Correct Answer - -physical,
sexual, and emotional abuse
-childhood neglect
-living with someone with mental health or substance use disorders
-a sudden separation from a loved one (death, divorce, separation)
-poverty
-racism, discrimination, and oppression
-violence in the community, war, or terrorism
-disasters, natural and man-made
-serious, invasive, distressing medical illness and procedures
Neurobiology of a Traumatic Event: Correct Answer - disrupts the limbic
system, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate gyrus
-amygdala or "fear center" of the brain stores the physical impact of negative
emotions.
• interferes with the hippocampus, which is involved with the recall of
memory
• causes the prefrontal cortex to function less effectively, and the brain goes
into survival mode
What happens in the brain during a potentially traumatic event Correct
Answer - -brain stem directly connected with the retina
, • retina sends visual info to the brain stem before higher levels of brain are
aware of threat.
-predator moves closer, periaqueductal gray initiates a fight or flight response
• activates the sympathetic nervous system
• Heart rate goes up. Blood flow to muscles increases. Blood pressure
increases. Pupils dilate
-person may enter the freeze response, or feigned death
• periaqueductal gray activates the parasympathetic nervous system as well
• Muscles get tight and freeze. Both gaze and breath may freeze, not a
cognitive choice
-predator doesn't move away, the person may shutdown completely
• Heart rate drops. Respiratory rate drops. Some people stop breathing.
Muscles become limp. Metabolism shuts down. Endorphins released.
• state of "no pain". They are no longer aware of their surroundings
• During inescapable trauma
differences between the freeze and shutdown trauma responses Correct
Answer - -Freeze
• The client is HYPERaroused.
• The muscles are tense and full of energy, but can't release it.
• In this stage, there are similar levels of sympathetic and parasympathetic
activation.
• Increased heart rate/blood pressure.
• The client might say, "I feel stuck," "I can't move," or "I feel like I am encased
in cement."
• Eyes widen.
• The body is ready to return to fight/ flight as soon as the threat passes.
-Shutdown/Collapse
• The client is HYPOaroused.
• The muscles are flaccid and loose.
• The parasympathic nervous system is dominant.
• Decreased heart rate/blood pressure/temperature.
• The client may not be able to speak at all.
• Blank stare.
• Sensory info stops at the thalamus. It doesn't reach the cortex (so it's not
integrated). The client is less aware of their internal and external world.
• Endorphins release to numb pain. Dynorphins release, which can make the
client feel detached from their body.
Commonly used evidence-based psychotherapies for the tx of trauma:
Correct Answer - -Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM)
-eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
-dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM) Correct Answer - -biologically based or
bottom-up psychotherapy
-helps support clients in processing acute or cumulative trauma once
preliminary stabilization skills have been learned
eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Correct Answer -
-bottom-up psychotherapy
-helps clients in accessing & processing traumatic memories
dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) Correct Answer - -cognitive or top-
down approach
-support self-regulation after trauma
Primate/Human Brain (Cortex) Correct Answer - -Responsible for:
Higher mental functions
-Core functions: Regulating attention, feelings, and desires, complex
reasoning, abstract thoughts, imagination, language, empathy
-Basic "need": Connection and attachment to others
-When need is met: We feel LOVE
-When need is not met: We experience HEARTACHE
Mammalian Brain (Subcortical region) Correct Answer - might think of it
as the little mouse part of the brain.
-Responsible for: Feelings and memory formation
-Core functions: Emotions, learning and memory, reward/motivation
-Basic "need": Satisfaction and approaching rewards
-When need is met: We feel CONTENTMENT
-When need is not met: We experience FRUSTRATION
Reptilian Brain (Brain stem and cerebellum) Correct Answer - -
Responsible for: Survival and maintenance
-Core functions: Regulating heartbeat, breathing, and other vital organs
,-Basic "need": Safety and avoiding harm
-When need is met: We feel PEACE
-When need is not met: We experience FEAR
Trauma Correct Answer - -any incident or series of events that
overwhelm an individual's ability to cope
-What happens inside us as a result of what happens to us
-may be emotionally disturbing or life-threatening
-may have enduring effects on emotional, psychological, physical, and spiritual
well-being
-70% of adults in U.S. report having had a traumatic experience
that at increased risk of experiencing a traumatic event Correct Answer -
gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, people of color, low education &
socioeconomic status
experiences that may be traumatic include: Correct Answer - -physical,
sexual, and emotional abuse
-childhood neglect
-living with someone with mental health or substance use disorders
-a sudden separation from a loved one (death, divorce, separation)
-poverty
-racism, discrimination, and oppression
-violence in the community, war, or terrorism
-disasters, natural and man-made
-serious, invasive, distressing medical illness and procedures
Neurobiology of a Traumatic Event: Correct Answer - disrupts the limbic
system, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate gyrus
-amygdala or "fear center" of the brain stores the physical impact of negative
emotions.
• interferes with the hippocampus, which is involved with the recall of
memory
• causes the prefrontal cortex to function less effectively, and the brain goes
into survival mode
What happens in the brain during a potentially traumatic event Correct
Answer - -brain stem directly connected with the retina
, • retina sends visual info to the brain stem before higher levels of brain are
aware of threat.
-predator moves closer, periaqueductal gray initiates a fight or flight response
• activates the sympathetic nervous system
• Heart rate goes up. Blood flow to muscles increases. Blood pressure
increases. Pupils dilate
-person may enter the freeze response, or feigned death
• periaqueductal gray activates the parasympathetic nervous system as well
• Muscles get tight and freeze. Both gaze and breath may freeze, not a
cognitive choice
-predator doesn't move away, the person may shutdown completely
• Heart rate drops. Respiratory rate drops. Some people stop breathing.
Muscles become limp. Metabolism shuts down. Endorphins released.
• state of "no pain". They are no longer aware of their surroundings
• During inescapable trauma
differences between the freeze and shutdown trauma responses Correct
Answer - -Freeze
• The client is HYPERaroused.
• The muscles are tense and full of energy, but can't release it.
• In this stage, there are similar levels of sympathetic and parasympathetic
activation.
• Increased heart rate/blood pressure.
• The client might say, "I feel stuck," "I can't move," or "I feel like I am encased
in cement."
• Eyes widen.
• The body is ready to return to fight/ flight as soon as the threat passes.
-Shutdown/Collapse
• The client is HYPOaroused.
• The muscles are flaccid and loose.
• The parasympathic nervous system is dominant.
• Decreased heart rate/blood pressure/temperature.
• The client may not be able to speak at all.
• Blank stare.
• Sensory info stops at the thalamus. It doesn't reach the cortex (so it's not
integrated). The client is less aware of their internal and external world.
• Endorphins release to numb pain. Dynorphins release, which can make the
client feel detached from their body.
