NS660 Final Exam – Questions With Certified Solutions
When caring for a patient with essential hypertension what instruction should
the nurse provide to the patient to normalize blood pressure?
a. Reduce sodium intake.
b. Increase iodine intake
c. Increase intake of fluids.
d. Avoid intake of low fat diet. Correct Answer - A. Reduce sodium
intake.
A patient has been diagnosed with prehypertension and has been encouraged
to exercise regularly and begin a weight loss program. What other healthcare
professional may be helpful for the client to see?
a. social worker
b. occupational therapist
c. pharmacist
d. registered dietitian Correct Answer - D. registered dietitian
The nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with hypertension. Which
statement by the patient indicates the need for further teaching?
a. "I think I'm going to sign up for a yoga class twice a week to help reduce my
stress."
b. "I will consult a dietician to help get my weight under control."
c. "If I take my blood pressure and it is normal, I don't have to take my blood
pressure pills."
d. "When getting up from bed, I will sit for a short period before standing up."
Correct Answer - c. "If I take my blood pressure and it is normal, I don't
have to take my blood pressure pills."
The nurse observes a certified nursing assistant (CNA) obtaining a blood
pressure reading with a cuff that is too small for the patient. The nurse
informs the CNA that using a cuff that is too small can affect the reading
results in what way?
A. It will be significantly different with each reading.
B. The results will be falsely decreased.
,C. It will give an accurate reading.
D. The results will be falsely elevated. Correct Answer - D. The results
will be falsely elevated.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who has a history of
atherosclerosis and notes elevated cholesterol levels. Which of the following
statements by the client indicates the nurse should plan follow-up teaching on
a low-cholesterol diet?
a. "I flavor my fish with lemon juice."
b. "I eat two eggs for breakfast each morning."
c. "I cook my food with canola oil."
d. "I take an omega-3 supplement daily." Correct Answer - b. "I eat two
eggs for breakfast each morning"
Which laboratory test result will the nurse review to determine the effects of
therapy for a patient being treated for heart failure?
a. Troponin
b. Homocysteine (HCY)
c. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
d. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) Correct Answer - D. BNP
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and is at risk for developing
venous thromboembolism (VTE). The nurse should instruct the client to avoid
which of the following unsafe actions?
a. Elevating her feet
b. Massaging her legs
c. Flexing her ankles
d. Ambulating too soon after surgery Correct Answer - B. Massaging her
legs
When teaching the patient with PAD about modifying risk factors associated
with the condition, what should the nurse emphasize?
a. Maintenance of normal body weight is the most important factor in
controlling arterial disease.
,b. Amputation is the ultimate outcome if the patient does not alter lifestyle
behaviors.
c. Risk-reducing behaviors initiated after angioplasty can stop the progression
of the disease.
d. Modifications will reduce the risk of other atherosclerotic conditions such
as stroke. Correct Answer - d. Modifications will reduce the risk of other
atherosclerotic conditions such as stroke.
A nurse is caring for a client with left-sided heart failure. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all)
a. Hepatomegaly
b. S3 and S4 heart sounds.
c. Crackles heard in the auscultation of the lungs
d. Cough (dry or pink-tinged)
e. Jugular venous distension
f. Restlessness and confusion Correct Answer - B, C, D, F
(JVD is a sign of right-sided heart failure)
A nurse is caring for a client who receives furosemide (Lasix) to treat heart
failure. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor for
this client due to this medication?
a. Bicarbonate
b. Potassium
c. Albumin
d. Cortisol Correct Answer - B. Potassium
(Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes the excretion of potassium. The
nurse should monitor the client's potassium level to watch for hypokalemia.)
A nurse is teaching the partner of a client who had an acute myocardial
infarction (MI) about the reason blood was drawn from the client. Which of
the following statements should the nurse make regarding cardiac enzymes
(biomarkers) studies?
a. "Cardiac enzymes will identify the location of the MI."
b. "These tests help determine the degree of damage to the heart tissues."
c. "Cardiac enzymes assist in diagnosing the presence of pulmonary
congestion."
, d. "These tests will enable the provider to determine the heart structure and
mobility of the heart valves." Correct Answer - B. "These tests help
determine the degree of damage to the heart tissues."
(Cardiac enzyme studies are obtained because the degree of enzyme elevation
reflects the degree of damage to the myocardium. The enzymes most
commonly measured are CPK and troponin. These enzymes have a
characteristic rise and fall pattern after an MI. It may take 4 hr or more after
the onset of manifestations for the test to become abnormal and up to 24 hr
for the level to peak. Eventually, the levels in the blood fall back to normal.
Consequently, serial blood tests must be taken from the client to document
and evaluate enzyme levels.)
A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic stable angina about starting
therapy with SL nitroglycerin tablets. The nurse should include which of the
following instructions regarding how to take the medication?
a. "Take this medication after each meal and at bedtime."
b. "Take one tablet every 15 min during an acute attack."
c. "Take one tablet at the first indication of chest pain."
d. "Take this medication with 8 ounces of water." Correct Answer - C.
"Take one tablet at the first indication of chest pain."
The patient is admitted with pain, edema, and warm skin on her lower left leg.
What test should the nurse expect to be ordered first?
a. Complete blood count (CBC)
b. Duplex ultrasound
c. Computed venography
d. MRI Correct Answer - B. Duplex ultrasound
Which patient statement supports a history of intermittent claudication?
a. "When I stand too long, my feet start to swell."
b. "I get short of breath when I climb a lot of stairs."
c. "My fingers hurt when I go outside in cold weather."
d. "My legs cramp when I walk more than one block." Correct Answer -
D. "My legs cramp when I walk more than one block."
When caring for a patient with essential hypertension what instruction should
the nurse provide to the patient to normalize blood pressure?
a. Reduce sodium intake.
b. Increase iodine intake
c. Increase intake of fluids.
d. Avoid intake of low fat diet. Correct Answer - A. Reduce sodium
intake.
A patient has been diagnosed with prehypertension and has been encouraged
to exercise regularly and begin a weight loss program. What other healthcare
professional may be helpful for the client to see?
a. social worker
b. occupational therapist
c. pharmacist
d. registered dietitian Correct Answer - D. registered dietitian
The nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with hypertension. Which
statement by the patient indicates the need for further teaching?
a. "I think I'm going to sign up for a yoga class twice a week to help reduce my
stress."
b. "I will consult a dietician to help get my weight under control."
c. "If I take my blood pressure and it is normal, I don't have to take my blood
pressure pills."
d. "When getting up from bed, I will sit for a short period before standing up."
Correct Answer - c. "If I take my blood pressure and it is normal, I don't
have to take my blood pressure pills."
The nurse observes a certified nursing assistant (CNA) obtaining a blood
pressure reading with a cuff that is too small for the patient. The nurse
informs the CNA that using a cuff that is too small can affect the reading
results in what way?
A. It will be significantly different with each reading.
B. The results will be falsely decreased.
,C. It will give an accurate reading.
D. The results will be falsely elevated. Correct Answer - D. The results
will be falsely elevated.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who has a history of
atherosclerosis and notes elevated cholesterol levels. Which of the following
statements by the client indicates the nurse should plan follow-up teaching on
a low-cholesterol diet?
a. "I flavor my fish with lemon juice."
b. "I eat two eggs for breakfast each morning."
c. "I cook my food with canola oil."
d. "I take an omega-3 supplement daily." Correct Answer - b. "I eat two
eggs for breakfast each morning"
Which laboratory test result will the nurse review to determine the effects of
therapy for a patient being treated for heart failure?
a. Troponin
b. Homocysteine (HCY)
c. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
d. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) Correct Answer - D. BNP
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and is at risk for developing
venous thromboembolism (VTE). The nurse should instruct the client to avoid
which of the following unsafe actions?
a. Elevating her feet
b. Massaging her legs
c. Flexing her ankles
d. Ambulating too soon after surgery Correct Answer - B. Massaging her
legs
When teaching the patient with PAD about modifying risk factors associated
with the condition, what should the nurse emphasize?
a. Maintenance of normal body weight is the most important factor in
controlling arterial disease.
,b. Amputation is the ultimate outcome if the patient does not alter lifestyle
behaviors.
c. Risk-reducing behaviors initiated after angioplasty can stop the progression
of the disease.
d. Modifications will reduce the risk of other atherosclerotic conditions such
as stroke. Correct Answer - d. Modifications will reduce the risk of other
atherosclerotic conditions such as stroke.
A nurse is caring for a client with left-sided heart failure. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all)
a. Hepatomegaly
b. S3 and S4 heart sounds.
c. Crackles heard in the auscultation of the lungs
d. Cough (dry or pink-tinged)
e. Jugular venous distension
f. Restlessness and confusion Correct Answer - B, C, D, F
(JVD is a sign of right-sided heart failure)
A nurse is caring for a client who receives furosemide (Lasix) to treat heart
failure. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor for
this client due to this medication?
a. Bicarbonate
b. Potassium
c. Albumin
d. Cortisol Correct Answer - B. Potassium
(Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes the excretion of potassium. The
nurse should monitor the client's potassium level to watch for hypokalemia.)
A nurse is teaching the partner of a client who had an acute myocardial
infarction (MI) about the reason blood was drawn from the client. Which of
the following statements should the nurse make regarding cardiac enzymes
(biomarkers) studies?
a. "Cardiac enzymes will identify the location of the MI."
b. "These tests help determine the degree of damage to the heart tissues."
c. "Cardiac enzymes assist in diagnosing the presence of pulmonary
congestion."
, d. "These tests will enable the provider to determine the heart structure and
mobility of the heart valves." Correct Answer - B. "These tests help
determine the degree of damage to the heart tissues."
(Cardiac enzyme studies are obtained because the degree of enzyme elevation
reflects the degree of damage to the myocardium. The enzymes most
commonly measured are CPK and troponin. These enzymes have a
characteristic rise and fall pattern after an MI. It may take 4 hr or more after
the onset of manifestations for the test to become abnormal and up to 24 hr
for the level to peak. Eventually, the levels in the blood fall back to normal.
Consequently, serial blood tests must be taken from the client to document
and evaluate enzyme levels.)
A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic stable angina about starting
therapy with SL nitroglycerin tablets. The nurse should include which of the
following instructions regarding how to take the medication?
a. "Take this medication after each meal and at bedtime."
b. "Take one tablet every 15 min during an acute attack."
c. "Take one tablet at the first indication of chest pain."
d. "Take this medication with 8 ounces of water." Correct Answer - C.
"Take one tablet at the first indication of chest pain."
The patient is admitted with pain, edema, and warm skin on her lower left leg.
What test should the nurse expect to be ordered first?
a. Complete blood count (CBC)
b. Duplex ultrasound
c. Computed venography
d. MRI Correct Answer - B. Duplex ultrasound
Which patient statement supports a history of intermittent claudication?
a. "When I stand too long, my feet start to swell."
b. "I get short of breath when I climb a lot of stairs."
c. "My fingers hurt when I go outside in cold weather."
d. "My legs cramp when I walk more than one block." Correct Answer -
D. "My legs cramp when I walk more than one block."
