NURS102 – Medical-Surgical Nursing II: Oncology
Flashcards (2024/2025)
Q: Which gender has higher cancer rates?
A: Men
Q: Which race has higher cancer incidence and mortality?
A: African Americans
Q: Which cancer has the highest mortality in women?
A: Lung cancer
Q: What are the two major cellular dysfunctions that lead to cancer?
A: Defective proliferation & defective differentiation
Q: Define normal cell proliferation.
A: Controlled growth, specific function, contact inhibition, requires blood supply.
Q: Define cancer cell proliferation.
A: Indiscriminate growth, no specific function, loss of contact inhibition.
Q: What are proto-oncogenes?
A: Genes that regulate normal cell growth; mutate into oncogenes when exposed
to carcinogens.
Q: What are tumor suppressor genes?
A: Genes that suppress growth, repair DNA, and trigger apoptosis.
Q: Give 3 examples of mutated tumor suppressor genes.
A: BRCA1, BRCA2, P53
Q: List 5 characteristics of benign tumors.
A: Encapsulated, rarely recur, no metastasis, displace tissue, well differentiated.
Q: List 5 characteristics of malignant tumors.
A: Poorly differentiated, metastasis possible, infiltrative/expansive, secrete tumor
markers, recurrence possible.
Q: Define carcinogens.
A: Agents that cause cellular alterations leading to cancer.
Q: Give 3 examples of viral carcinogens.
A: Hepatitis B, H. pylori, HPV
Q: Obesity increases risk of which cancers?
A: Prostate, colon, pancreatic, liver
Flashcards (2024/2025)
Q: Which gender has higher cancer rates?
A: Men
Q: Which race has higher cancer incidence and mortality?
A: African Americans
Q: Which cancer has the highest mortality in women?
A: Lung cancer
Q: What are the two major cellular dysfunctions that lead to cancer?
A: Defective proliferation & defective differentiation
Q: Define normal cell proliferation.
A: Controlled growth, specific function, contact inhibition, requires blood supply.
Q: Define cancer cell proliferation.
A: Indiscriminate growth, no specific function, loss of contact inhibition.
Q: What are proto-oncogenes?
A: Genes that regulate normal cell growth; mutate into oncogenes when exposed
to carcinogens.
Q: What are tumor suppressor genes?
A: Genes that suppress growth, repair DNA, and trigger apoptosis.
Q: Give 3 examples of mutated tumor suppressor genes.
A: BRCA1, BRCA2, P53
Q: List 5 characteristics of benign tumors.
A: Encapsulated, rarely recur, no metastasis, displace tissue, well differentiated.
Q: List 5 characteristics of malignant tumors.
A: Poorly differentiated, metastasis possible, infiltrative/expansive, secrete tumor
markers, recurrence possible.
Q: Define carcinogens.
A: Agents that cause cellular alterations leading to cancer.
Q: Give 3 examples of viral carcinogens.
A: Hepatitis B, H. pylori, HPV
Q: Obesity increases risk of which cancers?
A: Prostate, colon, pancreatic, liver
