TEST BANK for Human Learning
h h h h h
8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15
h h h h h h
, CHAPTERh1
PERSPECTIVEShONhLEARNING
MultiplehChoicehQuestions
Humanhbeingshundoubtedlyhlearnhmorehduringhthehcoursehofhahlifetimehtha
nhanyhotherhspecieshonhearth.hThehmajorhresulthofhthishcapacityhtohlearnhishthat
:
Newhinstinctshbeginhtohemerge.
Humanhthoughthbecomeshlesshlogicalhwithheachhgeneration
.hHumanshcanhbenefithfromhtheirhexperiences.
Humansharehthehonlyhspecieshwhosehbehaviorhcannothbehanalyzedhi
nhtermshofhstimulihandhresponses.
Threehofhthehfollowingharehexampleshofhlearning.hWhichhonehishnot?
Abigailhcrieshwhenhshehstepshonhahsharphpebble.
Afterhmanyhhourshofhheatedhdebate,hBrianhbeginshtohadvocat
ehpoliticalhpracticeshhehhashpreviouslyhopposed.
Carahsuddenlyhrecognizeshhowhthehdivisionhfacth―24h’h4h=h6‖hishrelate
dhtohthehmultiplicationhfacth―6hxh4h=h24.‖
DavidhhashbeenhrunninghawayhfromhGermanhshepherdsheverhsincehh
ehwashbittenhbyhahGermanhshepherdhtwohyearshago.
Reyneldahhashtroublehtracinghahcomplexhshapehwithhahpencilhwhenhshehishi
nhkindergarten,hbuthshehcanhdohithquitehwellhbyhthehtimehshehishinhsecondhgrad
e.hIshthishanhinstancehofhlearning?
Yes,hbecausehherhbehaviorhhashchanged.
No,hbecausehthehcircumstancesharehtoohdissimilar.
Maybe,halthoughhthehchangehmayhsimplyhbehdueht
ohphysiologicalhmaturation.
Maybe,hbuthonlyhifhshehishbeinghreinforcedhforhtracinghaccurately.
2
, Chapter 1 – Perspectives on Learning
Threehofhthehfollowinghillustratehvarioushwayshthathlearninghmighth behreflect
edhinhahperson‘shbehavior.hWhichhonehofhthehfollowinghchangeshdoeshnothnecess
arilyhreflecthlearning?
Althoughhit‘shahschoolhnight,hDeanhplayshvideohgameshuntilhwellhpasthh
ishusualhbedtime.hAshhehbecomeshmorehtired,hhehfindshithincreasinglyhdif
ficulthtohconcentratehonhwhathhe‘shdoing.
Evenhashahyounghchild,hJerryhcouldhtellhyouhthathhishgrandparent
shimmigratedhtohthehUnitedhStateshfromhIreland.hButhafterhahconv
ersationhwithhhishgrandmother,hhehcanhnowhdescribehthehcircums
tanceshofhthehfamily‘shimmigrationhinhconsiderablehdetail.
Dayhafterhday,hMartinhpracticeshhishbasketballhskillsh (shooting,hdribblin
g,hetc.)honhahbasketballhcourthathahlocalhpark.hWithheachhpracticehsession
,hhishmovementshbecomehfasterhandhsmoother.
Lewishoccasionallyhaskshforhhelphwhenhhehhashdifficultyhwithhhishclass
work,hbuthmosthofhthehtimehhehjusthstruggleshquietlyhonhhishown.hAfter
hhishteacherhassureshhimhthathaskinghforhhelphishnothahsignhofhweakness
horhinability,hhehbeginshaskinghforhhelphmuchhmorehfrequently.
h researchhexamineshlearninghinhtightlyhcontrolledhsettingshand
h researchhexamineshlearninghinhreal-worldhsettings.
Applied;hBasichBasi
c;hQualitativehQualit
ative;hAppliedhBasic
;hApplied
Ahprinciplehofhlearninghcanhbesthbehcharacterizedhas:
Ahdescriptionhofhthehresultshofhahparticularhresearchhstudy
Ahstatemenththathdescribeshhowhahparticularhfactorhaffectshlearning
Thehmeasurementhofhhowhmuchhlearninghhashoccurredhinhah
particularhsituation
Anhexplanationhofhthehunderlyinghprocesseshthroughhwhichhlearninghoccurs
Ahtheoryhofhlearninghcanhbesthbehcharacterizedhas:
Ahdescriptionhofhthehresultshofhahparticularhresearchhstudy
Ahstatemenththathdescribeshhowhahparticularhfactorhaffectshlearning
Thehmeasurementhofhhowhmuchhlearninghhashoccurredhinhah
particularhsituation
Anhexplanationhofhthehunderlyinghprocesseshthroughhwhichhlearninghoccurs
3
, Chapter 1 – Perspectives on Learning
Threehofhthehfollowingharehprincipleshofhlearning.hWhichhonehishahtheory
ofhlearninghratherhthanhahprinciple?
Ahbehaviorhthathishfollowedhbyhpunishmenthdecreaseshinhfrequency.
Peoplehlearnhbyhmakinghmentalhassociationshbetweenhnewhinformatio
nhandhtheirhexistinghknowledge.
Ahresponsehthathishrewardedheveryhtimehithoccurshincreaseshmor
ehrapidlyhthanhahresponsehthathishonlyhoccasionallyhrewarded.
Studentshtendhtohrememberhmorehofhahlecturehifhtheyhtakehnoteshonht
hehlecture‘shcontent.
Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghcommonhsayingshbesthreflectshthehconce
pthofhintrospection?
―Wherehthere‘shahwill,hthere‘shahway.‖
―Nothinghventured,hnothinghgained.‖
―Ahpennyhforhyourhthoughts.‖
―Oldhhabitshdiehhard.‖
Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghcommonhsayingshbesthreflectshthehbasi
chpremisehunderlyinghsocialhlearninghtheory?
―Monkeyhsee,hmonkeyhdo.‖
―Sparehthehrodhandhspoilhthehchild.‖
―Ahfriendhinhneedhishahfriendhindeed.‖
―Ahrollinghstonehgathershnohmoss.‖
Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghstatementshprovideshthehmosthcrediblehexpla
nationhforhthehfacththathhumanhbeingshseemhtohsurpasshallhotherhanimalhspe
cieshinhtheirhthinkinghandhlearninghcapacities?
Onlyhhumanhbeingshhavehthehcapabilityhtohmakehtools.
Humanshcommunicatehregularlyhwithhonehanotherhand,hinhdoinghs
o,hpasshalonghwhaththey‘vehlearnedhtohfuturehgenerations.
Humanhbeingshhavehahhugehrepertoirehofhinstinctualhbehaviorshfro
mhwhichhtheyhcanhdrawhwhenhtheyhencounterhnewhexperiences.
Humanhbrainsharehsmallerhthanhthosehofhotherhintelligenthspeciesh(e.g.,
helephants,hdolphins)handhthereforehcanhtransmithmessageshmorehquick
lyhandhefficiently.
4
h h h h h
8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15
h h h h h h
, CHAPTERh1
PERSPECTIVEShONhLEARNING
MultiplehChoicehQuestions
Humanhbeingshundoubtedlyhlearnhmorehduringhthehcoursehofhahlifetimehtha
nhanyhotherhspecieshonhearth.hThehmajorhresulthofhthishcapacityhtohlearnhishthat
:
Newhinstinctshbeginhtohemerge.
Humanhthoughthbecomeshlesshlogicalhwithheachhgeneration
.hHumanshcanhbenefithfromhtheirhexperiences.
Humansharehthehonlyhspecieshwhosehbehaviorhcannothbehanalyzedhi
nhtermshofhstimulihandhresponses.
Threehofhthehfollowingharehexampleshofhlearning.hWhichhonehishnot?
Abigailhcrieshwhenhshehstepshonhahsharphpebble.
Afterhmanyhhourshofhheatedhdebate,hBrianhbeginshtohadvocat
ehpoliticalhpracticeshhehhashpreviouslyhopposed.
Carahsuddenlyhrecognizeshhowhthehdivisionhfacth―24h’h4h=h6‖hishrelate
dhtohthehmultiplicationhfacth―6hxh4h=h24.‖
DavidhhashbeenhrunninghawayhfromhGermanhshepherdsheverhsincehh
ehwashbittenhbyhahGermanhshepherdhtwohyearshago.
Reyneldahhashtroublehtracinghahcomplexhshapehwithhahpencilhwhenhshehishi
nhkindergarten,hbuthshehcanhdohithquitehwellhbyhthehtimehshehishinhsecondhgrad
e.hIshthishanhinstancehofhlearning?
Yes,hbecausehherhbehaviorhhashchanged.
No,hbecausehthehcircumstancesharehtoohdissimilar.
Maybe,halthoughhthehchangehmayhsimplyhbehdueht
ohphysiologicalhmaturation.
Maybe,hbuthonlyhifhshehishbeinghreinforcedhforhtracinghaccurately.
2
, Chapter 1 – Perspectives on Learning
Threehofhthehfollowinghillustratehvarioushwayshthathlearninghmighth behreflect
edhinhahperson‘shbehavior.hWhichhonehofhthehfollowinghchangeshdoeshnothnecess
arilyhreflecthlearning?
Althoughhit‘shahschoolhnight,hDeanhplayshvideohgameshuntilhwellhpasthh
ishusualhbedtime.hAshhehbecomeshmorehtired,hhehfindshithincreasinglyhdif
ficulthtohconcentratehonhwhathhe‘shdoing.
Evenhashahyounghchild,hJerryhcouldhtellhyouhthathhishgrandparent
shimmigratedhtohthehUnitedhStateshfromhIreland.hButhafterhahconv
ersationhwithhhishgrandmother,hhehcanhnowhdescribehthehcircums
tanceshofhthehfamily‘shimmigrationhinhconsiderablehdetail.
Dayhafterhday,hMartinhpracticeshhishbasketballhskillsh (shooting,hdribblin
g,hetc.)honhahbasketballhcourthathahlocalhpark.hWithheachhpracticehsession
,hhishmovementshbecomehfasterhandhsmoother.
Lewishoccasionallyhaskshforhhelphwhenhhehhashdifficultyhwithhhishclass
work,hbuthmosthofhthehtimehhehjusthstruggleshquietlyhonhhishown.hAfter
hhishteacherhassureshhimhthathaskinghforhhelphishnothahsignhofhweakness
horhinability,hhehbeginshaskinghforhhelphmuchhmorehfrequently.
h researchhexamineshlearninghinhtightlyhcontrolledhsettingshand
h researchhexamineshlearninghinhreal-worldhsettings.
Applied;hBasichBasi
c;hQualitativehQualit
ative;hAppliedhBasic
;hApplied
Ahprinciplehofhlearninghcanhbesthbehcharacterizedhas:
Ahdescriptionhofhthehresultshofhahparticularhresearchhstudy
Ahstatemenththathdescribeshhowhahparticularhfactorhaffectshlearning
Thehmeasurementhofhhowhmuchhlearninghhashoccurredhinhah
particularhsituation
Anhexplanationhofhthehunderlyinghprocesseshthroughhwhichhlearninghoccurs
Ahtheoryhofhlearninghcanhbesthbehcharacterizedhas:
Ahdescriptionhofhthehresultshofhahparticularhresearchhstudy
Ahstatemenththathdescribeshhowhahparticularhfactorhaffectshlearning
Thehmeasurementhofhhowhmuchhlearninghhashoccurredhinhah
particularhsituation
Anhexplanationhofhthehunderlyinghprocesseshthroughhwhichhlearninghoccurs
3
, Chapter 1 – Perspectives on Learning
Threehofhthehfollowingharehprincipleshofhlearning.hWhichhonehishahtheory
ofhlearninghratherhthanhahprinciple?
Ahbehaviorhthathishfollowedhbyhpunishmenthdecreaseshinhfrequency.
Peoplehlearnhbyhmakinghmentalhassociationshbetweenhnewhinformatio
nhandhtheirhexistinghknowledge.
Ahresponsehthathishrewardedheveryhtimehithoccurshincreaseshmor
ehrapidlyhthanhahresponsehthathishonlyhoccasionallyhrewarded.
Studentshtendhtohrememberhmorehofhahlecturehifhtheyhtakehnoteshonht
hehlecture‘shcontent.
Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghcommonhsayingshbesthreflectshthehconce
pthofhintrospection?
―Wherehthere‘shahwill,hthere‘shahway.‖
―Nothinghventured,hnothinghgained.‖
―Ahpennyhforhyourhthoughts.‖
―Oldhhabitshdiehhard.‖
Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghcommonhsayingshbesthreflectshthehbasi
chpremisehunderlyinghsocialhlearninghtheory?
―Monkeyhsee,hmonkeyhdo.‖
―Sparehthehrodhandhspoilhthehchild.‖
―Ahfriendhinhneedhishahfriendhindeed.‖
―Ahrollinghstonehgathershnohmoss.‖
Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghstatementshprovideshthehmosthcrediblehexpla
nationhforhthehfacththathhumanhbeingshseemhtohsurpasshallhotherhanimalhspe
cieshinhtheirhthinkinghandhlearninghcapacities?
Onlyhhumanhbeingshhavehthehcapabilityhtohmakehtools.
Humanshcommunicatehregularlyhwithhonehanotherhand,hinhdoinghs
o,hpasshalonghwhaththey‘vehlearnedhtohfuturehgenerations.
Humanhbeingshhavehahhugehrepertoirehofhinstinctualhbehaviorshfro
mhwhichhtheyhcanhdrawhwhenhtheyhencounterhnewhexperiences.
Humanhbrainsharehsmallerhthanhthosehofhotherhintelligenthspeciesh(e.g.,
helephants,hdolphins)handhthereforehcanhtransmithmessageshmorehquick
lyhandhefficiently.
4
