Biol 373 - Unit 2 - Central Nervous System || with Certified Answers.
Describe the evolutionary trends in nervous systems correct answers -Simple organisms had no
head (like jellyfish) and then moved to bilateral symmetry. Concentration of neural power in the
front to create the forebrain
What passed for a brain in jellyfish? correct answers Didn't have a real brain, had a diffuse
network of neural like cells
What is cephalization? correct answers the concentration of sense organs, nervous control, etc.,
at the anterior end of the body, forming a head and brain, both during evolution and in the course
of an embryo's development
The consolidation of the peripheral nervous system led to development of... correct answers
nerves
order the development of these nerve cords in order...
spinal cord
ventral nerve cord(s)
dorsal nerve cord correct answers -ventral nerve cord(s)
-dorsal never cord
-spinal cord
How did the neural tube develop? correct answers Vertebrates gave a flat layer of ectodermal
cells. Folding occurs forming a groove and joins at the neural folds. It comes off and forms the
neural tube. Neural crest cells at the top of the neural tube
What does the neural tube give rise to? correct answers The central nervous system
,What do neural crest cells give rise to? correct answers Will migrate throughout body and
contribute to many structures, including peripheral nervous system
What is the first stage of human CNS development? correct answers Anterior end of neural tube
specialized into three regions: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
This is then followed by the spinal cord (4 weeks)
What happens in brain development after the neural tube specializes into three regions? correct
answers The neural tube is differentiated into major brain regions at birth (6 weeks)
What does the forebrain split into during brain development? correct answers Diencephalon and
cerebrum
What does the hindbrain split into during brain development? correct answers Medulla
oblongata, cerebellum and pons
What region of the CNS develops more rapidly than other regions? correct answers Cerebrum
(11 weeks)
At birth, what does the brain look like? correct answers Cerebrum covers most of other brain
regions; convoluted surface due to rapid growth in confined space
What are the three ways in which the CNS is protected and supported? correct answers -
surrounded by bony cage (cranium, vertebrae)
-three layers of connective tissue (meninges)
-fluid between layers (cerebrospinal fluid)
What makes up the "bony cage" that protects the CNS? correct answers Cranium and vertebrae
, What do you call the three layers of connective tissue that protect and support the CNS? correct
answers Meninges (continuous around the the brain and spinal cord)
What is the name of the fluid between layers that protects the brain and spinal cord? correct
answers Cerebrospinal fluid
What are the names of the three meninges? Where are they found? correct answers Found around
the brain (cranial meninges) and spinal cord (spinal meninges)
-outer most = dura mater
-middle = arachnoid mater
-inner most = pia mater
What is meningitis? correct answers infection of the meninges
What do the meninges look like? correct answers -dura mater is tough, durable + stringy
-arachnoid mater has "spidery connections" and quite a bit of space, lots of blood vessels
-pia mater is last layer, has blood vessels
A hit to the head can usually be identified how? correct answers Often breaks blood vessels
under the dura mater leading to a subdural hematoma
What do you call the fluid filled cavities in the CNS? correct answers Ventricles within brain (is
a hollow central canal within spinal cord)
How many ventricles are in the CNS? Where are they found? correct answers 4
-two lateral ventricles (1 and 2) two descending ventricles that extend through in brain stem
(third ventricle is the core ventricle, fourth enters spinal cord)
Describe the evolutionary trends in nervous systems correct answers -Simple organisms had no
head (like jellyfish) and then moved to bilateral symmetry. Concentration of neural power in the
front to create the forebrain
What passed for a brain in jellyfish? correct answers Didn't have a real brain, had a diffuse
network of neural like cells
What is cephalization? correct answers the concentration of sense organs, nervous control, etc.,
at the anterior end of the body, forming a head and brain, both during evolution and in the course
of an embryo's development
The consolidation of the peripheral nervous system led to development of... correct answers
nerves
order the development of these nerve cords in order...
spinal cord
ventral nerve cord(s)
dorsal nerve cord correct answers -ventral nerve cord(s)
-dorsal never cord
-spinal cord
How did the neural tube develop? correct answers Vertebrates gave a flat layer of ectodermal
cells. Folding occurs forming a groove and joins at the neural folds. It comes off and forms the
neural tube. Neural crest cells at the top of the neural tube
What does the neural tube give rise to? correct answers The central nervous system
,What do neural crest cells give rise to? correct answers Will migrate throughout body and
contribute to many structures, including peripheral nervous system
What is the first stage of human CNS development? correct answers Anterior end of neural tube
specialized into three regions: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
This is then followed by the spinal cord (4 weeks)
What happens in brain development after the neural tube specializes into three regions? correct
answers The neural tube is differentiated into major brain regions at birth (6 weeks)
What does the forebrain split into during brain development? correct answers Diencephalon and
cerebrum
What does the hindbrain split into during brain development? correct answers Medulla
oblongata, cerebellum and pons
What region of the CNS develops more rapidly than other regions? correct answers Cerebrum
(11 weeks)
At birth, what does the brain look like? correct answers Cerebrum covers most of other brain
regions; convoluted surface due to rapid growth in confined space
What are the three ways in which the CNS is protected and supported? correct answers -
surrounded by bony cage (cranium, vertebrae)
-three layers of connective tissue (meninges)
-fluid between layers (cerebrospinal fluid)
What makes up the "bony cage" that protects the CNS? correct answers Cranium and vertebrae
, What do you call the three layers of connective tissue that protect and support the CNS? correct
answers Meninges (continuous around the the brain and spinal cord)
What is the name of the fluid between layers that protects the brain and spinal cord? correct
answers Cerebrospinal fluid
What are the names of the three meninges? Where are they found? correct answers Found around
the brain (cranial meninges) and spinal cord (spinal meninges)
-outer most = dura mater
-middle = arachnoid mater
-inner most = pia mater
What is meningitis? correct answers infection of the meninges
What do the meninges look like? correct answers -dura mater is tough, durable + stringy
-arachnoid mater has "spidery connections" and quite a bit of space, lots of blood vessels
-pia mater is last layer, has blood vessels
A hit to the head can usually be identified how? correct answers Often breaks blood vessels
under the dura mater leading to a subdural hematoma
What do you call the fluid filled cavities in the CNS? correct answers Ventricles within brain (is
a hollow central canal within spinal cord)
How many ventricles are in the CNS? Where are they found? correct answers 4
-two lateral ventricles (1 and 2) two descending ventricles that extend through in brain stem
(third ventricle is the core ventricle, fourth enters spinal cord)
