TEST BANK for A History of World
xd xd xd xd xd xd
Societies, 12th Edition by Merry E.
xd xd xd xd xd xd
Wiesner-Hanks
COMPLETE CHAPTERS 1-
xd xd
33| A+ GRADED ALL ANSWERS AT THE BACK OF
xd xd x d xd xd xd xd xd xd
EACH CHAPTER
xd
Pagexd|xd1
, Chapterxd01_Essay
Answerxdeachxdofxdthexdfollowingxdquestionsxdwithxdanxdessay.xdBexdsurexdtoxdincludexdspecificxdexamplesxdthatxds
upportxdyourxdthesisxdandxdconclusions.
1. Whatxdarexdsomexdofxdthexdproblemsxdinxdusingxdevidencexdfromxdcontemporaryxdgathererxdsocietiesxdtoxdstud
yxdearlyxdhumans?
2. HowxddidxdearlyxdHomoxderectusxdspreadxdoutxdofxdEastxdAfricaxdintoxdotherxdpartsxdofxdthexdworld?xdWherexd
didxdtheyxdgo,xdandxdhowxdearlyxddidxdtheyxdreachxdthosexdplaces?
3. WhatxdwerexdthexdkeyxdfeaturesxdofxdPaleolithicxdfoodxdattainmentxdandxdPaleolithicxddiets?
4. WhatxdarexdsomexdofxdthexdtheoriesxdaboutxdgenderxdrelationshipsxdinxdPaleolithicxdsocieties?xdWhatxdchan
gedxdinxdthosexdrelationshipsxdinxdthexdNeolithicxdperiod?xdWhatxdkindsxdofxdevidencexdarexdusedxdinxdsupport
ingxdorxdarguingxdagainstxdthesexdtheories?
5. Whatxdisxdthexdrelationshipxdbetweenxdpastoralism,xddisease,xdandxdhumans?
6. Howxddidxdmaterialxdgoodsxdcreate,xddefine,xdandxdperpetuatexdsocialxdhierarchiesxdinxdNeolithicxdsocieties?
AnswerxdKey
1. Answerxdwouldxdideallyxdinclude:
• Becausexdthexdearliestxdhumansxddidxdnotxdleavexdbehindxdwrittenxdevidence,xdscientistsxdhavexdstudiedxd
morexdrecentxdsocietiesxdthatxdlivedxdbyxdsimilarxdgatheringxdmeans.xdHowever,xdmostxdevidencexdaboutxdrecentxd
gathererxdsocietiesxdwasxdwrittenxdbyxdexternalxdsourcesxdandxdthusxdincludesxdtheirxdbiasesxdandxdexpectations,xds
uchxdasxdthexdinferiorityxdofxdforagingxdasxdaxdlifestyle.xdFurthermore,xdfewxdmodernxdforagersxdorxdgatherersxdarexdt
rulyxdisolatedxdfromxdthexdinfluencexdofxdotherxdagriculturalxdorxdindustrialxdcultures.xdAlso,xdthisxdapproachxdassu
mesxdthatxdgatherer
Pagexd|xd2
,societiesxdarexdsomehowxdstaticxdandxdremainxdunchangedxdoverxdmanyxdcenturies,xdwhichxdignoresxdthexdevidenc
exdofxdhowxdadaptablexdsuchxdsocietiesxdreallyxdare.
2. Answerxdwouldxdideallyxdinclude:
• HomoxderectusxdmigratedxdoutxdofxdEastxdAfricaxdintoxdcentralxdAfrica,xdandxdthenxdintoxdnorthernxdAfric
a.xdThisxdmigrationxdtookxdplacexd2xdmillionxdyearsxdago.xdAsxdearlyxdasxd1.8xdmillionxdyearsxdago,xdHomoxderectu
sxdhadxdspreadxdtoxdAsia,xdreachingxdChinaxdandxdJavaxdbyxd1.5xdmillionxdyearsxdago.xdThesexdmigrationsxdtookxdp
lacexdoverxdland,xdalongxdcoastlinexdroutes.xdBecausexdseaxdlevelsxdwerexdlowerxdthen,xdindividualsxdcouldxdcross
xdfromxdthexdmainlandxdofxdChinaxdtoxdJavaxdonxdfoot.xdHomoxderectusxdalsoxdmovedxdnorthwardxdfromxdAfrica,xdi
ntoxdSpainxdbyxd800,000xdyearsxdagoxdandxdintoxdGermanyxd500,000xdyearsxdago.xdInxdeachxdofxdthesexdplaces,xdth
eyxdadaptedxdhuntingxdandxdgatheringxdtechniquesxdtoxdthexdlocalxdenvironment.
3. Answerxdwouldxdideallyxdinclude:
• ThexdPaleolithicxddietxdconsistedxdofxdaxdcombinationxdofxdplantsxdandxdanimalxdprotein.xdPaleolithicxdp
eoplesxdforagedxdforxdtheirxdfood,xdengagingxdinxdwhatxdwexdwouldxdconsiderxdaxdcombinationxdofxdhunting,xdsc
avenging,xdandxdgathering.xdMostxdofxdwhatxdtheyxdatexdwerexdplants.xdAnimalxdproteinxdoftenxdcamexdfromxdsc
avengedxdfoodsxdlikexdinsectsxdandxdshellfishxdratherxdthanxdbeingxdhuntedxddirectly.xdItxdisxdunknownxdasxdtoxdw
hetherxdlaborxdwasxddividedxdbetweenxdgenders,xdbutxdinxdtoday'sxdforagingxdsocieties,xdtherexdisxdsomexddivisio
n,xdwithxdmenxdengagingxdinxdhuntingxdlargexdanimalsxdandxdwomenxdresponsiblexdforxdgatheringxdplantsxdandxd
smallxdanimals.xdItxdtookxdbetweenxdtenxdandxdtwentyxdhoursxdperxdweekxdtoxdgatherxdfood,xdbutxdthisxdnumberxdv
ariedxddependingxdonxdenvironmentalxdfactorsxdandxdgroupxddecisions.xdBecausexdPaleolithicxdpeoplesxdhadxdt
oxdforagexdforxdtheirxddiet,xdtheyxdexpendedxdenergyxdand,xdinxdgeneral,xdavoidedxddiseasesxdcommonxdinxdseden
taryxdsocieties.xdLifexdspansxdwerexdkeptxdinxdcheckxdbyxdaccidents,xdinjuries,xdandxdinfections.
4. Answerxdwouldxdideallyxdinclude:
• Studiesxdofxdmorexdrecentxdforagingxdsocietiesxdsuggestxdthatxdwomenxdwerexdvaluedxdforxdtheirxdlabor,x
dwhichxdwasxdrecognizedxdasxdequalxdtoxdthexdworkxdofxdmen.xdBothxdmenxdandxdwomenxdforagedxdforxdfood,xdand
xdbothxdparticipatedxdinxdhunting.xdOtherxdscholarsxdtheorizexdthatxdevenxdinxdPaleolithicxdsocietyxdonexdpersonxd
mayxdhavexdemergedxdasxdaxdleader,xdperhapsxdbasedxdonxdpersonalxdskill,xdandxdthatxdthisxdpersonxdwasxdalmostxd
alwaysxdaxdman.xdItxdisxdmorexdcertainxdthatxdbyxdthexdNeolithicxdperiod,xdafterxdthexdinventionxdofxdplowxdagricult
ure,xdsocietyxdbecamexdmorexdhierarchicalxdandxdmenxdtookxdonxdmorexdofxdaxdpublic,xdelitexdstatus.xdWomenxdwe
rexdlimitedxdtoxdthexdhomexdorxdenclosedxdspaces,xdandxdlandxdinheritancexdfavoredxdmenxdoverxdwomen.xdEviden
cexdforxdgenderxdrolesxdinxdthexdNeolithicxdperiodxdcomesxdfromxdlaterxdwrittenxdtraditions.
Pagexd|xd3
, 5. Answerxdwouldxdideallyxdinclude:
• Pastoralismxdisxdthexdherdingxdandxdraisingxdofxdlivestock.xdItxdrequiresxdhumansxdtoxdlivexdinxdclosexdconta
ctxdwithxdtheirxdherdxdanimals,xdthusxdexposingxdhumansxdtoxdvariousxdanimal-
bornexddiseases,xdsuchxdasxdsmallpox.xdInitially,xdexposurexdtoxddiseasesxdmayxdhavexdcausedxdhigherxdmortalityxd
ratesxdinxdpastoralistxdsocieties,xdbutxdoverxdtime,x d humansxdwouldxdhavexddevelopedxdsomexdresistancexdtoxdthe
m.xdForagersxdwerexdnotxdexposedxdtoxdthesexddiseasesxdandxdthusxddidxdnotxddevelopxdanyxdresistancexdtoxdthem.xd
Whenxdaxdpastoralistxdsocietyxdencounteredxdaxdforagerxdsociety,xdthisxdmightxdhavexdledxdthexdformerxdtoxdexposex
dthexdlatterxdtoxddeadlyxdpathogens.
6. Answerxdwouldxdideallyxdinclude:
• Thexdpossessionxdofxdmaterialxdgoods—
suchxdasxdlivestock,xddwellingxdstructures,xdplows,xdcarts,xdandxdpots—
indicatedxdthatxdsomexdindividualsxdhadxdcontrolxdoverxdmorexdlabor.xdLaborxdwasxdusedxdtoxdacquirexdmaterialxd
goods.xdThexdmorexdmaterialxdgoodsxdonexdhad,xdthexdmorexdlaborxdonexdcontrolled.xdThisxdindicatedxdstatus;xdtox
dcontrolxdlaborxdwasxdtoxdhavexdaxdhigherxdstatusxdthanxdothers.xdHavingxdmaterialxdgoodsxdgavexdonexdthexdabilit
yxdtoxdacquirexdyetxdmorexdmaterialxdgoodsxdandxdtoxdcontinuexdtoxdacquirexdstatus.xdMaterialxdgoods,xdalongxdwi
thxdland,xdcouldxdalsoxdconstitutexdanxdinheritance,xdandxdthusxdperpetuatexdstatusxdintoxdthexdnextxdgeneration.
Chapterxd01_Matching
Usexdthexdfollowingxdtoxdanswerxdquestionsxd1-15:
SelectxdthexdwordxdorxdphrasexdfromxdthexdTermsxdsectionxdthatxdbestxdmatchesxdthexddefinitionxdorxdexamplexdprov
idedxdinxdthexdDefinitionsxdsection.
Terms
a. pastoralism
b. Neanderthals
c. divisionxdofxdlabor
d. animism
e. socialxdhierarchies
f. patriarchy
g. Paleolithicxdera
h. AgriculturalxdRevolution
g. foraging
Pagexd|xd4
xd xd xd xd xd xd
Societies, 12th Edition by Merry E.
xd xd xd xd xd xd
Wiesner-Hanks
COMPLETE CHAPTERS 1-
xd xd
33| A+ GRADED ALL ANSWERS AT THE BACK OF
xd xd x d xd xd xd xd xd xd
EACH CHAPTER
xd
Pagexd|xd1
, Chapterxd01_Essay
Answerxdeachxdofxdthexdfollowingxdquestionsxdwithxdanxdessay.xdBexdsurexdtoxdincludexdspecificxdexamplesxdthatxds
upportxdyourxdthesisxdandxdconclusions.
1. Whatxdarexdsomexdofxdthexdproblemsxdinxdusingxdevidencexdfromxdcontemporaryxdgathererxdsocietiesxdtoxdstud
yxdearlyxdhumans?
2. HowxddidxdearlyxdHomoxderectusxdspreadxdoutxdofxdEastxdAfricaxdintoxdotherxdpartsxdofxdthexdworld?xdWherexd
didxdtheyxdgo,xdandxdhowxdearlyxddidxdtheyxdreachxdthosexdplaces?
3. WhatxdwerexdthexdkeyxdfeaturesxdofxdPaleolithicxdfoodxdattainmentxdandxdPaleolithicxddiets?
4. WhatxdarexdsomexdofxdthexdtheoriesxdaboutxdgenderxdrelationshipsxdinxdPaleolithicxdsocieties?xdWhatxdchan
gedxdinxdthosexdrelationshipsxdinxdthexdNeolithicxdperiod?xdWhatxdkindsxdofxdevidencexdarexdusedxdinxdsupport
ingxdorxdarguingxdagainstxdthesexdtheories?
5. Whatxdisxdthexdrelationshipxdbetweenxdpastoralism,xddisease,xdandxdhumans?
6. Howxddidxdmaterialxdgoodsxdcreate,xddefine,xdandxdperpetuatexdsocialxdhierarchiesxdinxdNeolithicxdsocieties?
AnswerxdKey
1. Answerxdwouldxdideallyxdinclude:
• Becausexdthexdearliestxdhumansxddidxdnotxdleavexdbehindxdwrittenxdevidence,xdscientistsxdhavexdstudiedxd
morexdrecentxdsocietiesxdthatxdlivedxdbyxdsimilarxdgatheringxdmeans.xdHowever,xdmostxdevidencexdaboutxdrecentxd
gathererxdsocietiesxdwasxdwrittenxdbyxdexternalxdsourcesxdandxdthusxdincludesxdtheirxdbiasesxdandxdexpectations,xds
uchxdasxdthexdinferiorityxdofxdforagingxdasxdaxdlifestyle.xdFurthermore,xdfewxdmodernxdforagersxdorxdgatherersxdarexdt
rulyxdisolatedxdfromxdthexdinfluencexdofxdotherxdagriculturalxdorxdindustrialxdcultures.xdAlso,xdthisxdapproachxdassu
mesxdthatxdgatherer
Pagexd|xd2
,societiesxdarexdsomehowxdstaticxdandxdremainxdunchangedxdoverxdmanyxdcenturies,xdwhichxdignoresxdthexdevidenc
exdofxdhowxdadaptablexdsuchxdsocietiesxdreallyxdare.
2. Answerxdwouldxdideallyxdinclude:
• HomoxderectusxdmigratedxdoutxdofxdEastxdAfricaxdintoxdcentralxdAfrica,xdandxdthenxdintoxdnorthernxdAfric
a.xdThisxdmigrationxdtookxdplacexd2xdmillionxdyearsxdago.xdAsxdearlyxdasxd1.8xdmillionxdyearsxdago,xdHomoxderectu
sxdhadxdspreadxdtoxdAsia,xdreachingxdChinaxdandxdJavaxdbyxd1.5xdmillionxdyearsxdago.xdThesexdmigrationsxdtookxdp
lacexdoverxdland,xdalongxdcoastlinexdroutes.xdBecausexdseaxdlevelsxdwerexdlowerxdthen,xdindividualsxdcouldxdcross
xdfromxdthexdmainlandxdofxdChinaxdtoxdJavaxdonxdfoot.xdHomoxderectusxdalsoxdmovedxdnorthwardxdfromxdAfrica,xdi
ntoxdSpainxdbyxd800,000xdyearsxdagoxdandxdintoxdGermanyxd500,000xdyearsxdago.xdInxdeachxdofxdthesexdplaces,xdth
eyxdadaptedxdhuntingxdandxdgatheringxdtechniquesxdtoxdthexdlocalxdenvironment.
3. Answerxdwouldxdideallyxdinclude:
• ThexdPaleolithicxddietxdconsistedxdofxdaxdcombinationxdofxdplantsxdandxdanimalxdprotein.xdPaleolithicxdp
eoplesxdforagedxdforxdtheirxdfood,xdengagingxdinxdwhatxdwexdwouldxdconsiderxdaxdcombinationxdofxdhunting,xdsc
avenging,xdandxdgathering.xdMostxdofxdwhatxdtheyxdatexdwerexdplants.xdAnimalxdproteinxdoftenxdcamexdfromxdsc
avengedxdfoodsxdlikexdinsectsxdandxdshellfishxdratherxdthanxdbeingxdhuntedxddirectly.xdItxdisxdunknownxdasxdtoxdw
hetherxdlaborxdwasxddividedxdbetweenxdgenders,xdbutxdinxdtoday'sxdforagingxdsocieties,xdtherexdisxdsomexddivisio
n,xdwithxdmenxdengagingxdinxdhuntingxdlargexdanimalsxdandxdwomenxdresponsiblexdforxdgatheringxdplantsxdandxd
smallxdanimals.xdItxdtookxdbetweenxdtenxdandxdtwentyxdhoursxdperxdweekxdtoxdgatherxdfood,xdbutxdthisxdnumberxdv
ariedxddependingxdonxdenvironmentalxdfactorsxdandxdgroupxddecisions.xdBecausexdPaleolithicxdpeoplesxdhadxdt
oxdforagexdforxdtheirxddiet,xdtheyxdexpendedxdenergyxdand,xdinxdgeneral,xdavoidedxddiseasesxdcommonxdinxdseden
taryxdsocieties.xdLifexdspansxdwerexdkeptxdinxdcheckxdbyxdaccidents,xdinjuries,xdandxdinfections.
4. Answerxdwouldxdideallyxdinclude:
• Studiesxdofxdmorexdrecentxdforagingxdsocietiesxdsuggestxdthatxdwomenxdwerexdvaluedxdforxdtheirxdlabor,x
dwhichxdwasxdrecognizedxdasxdequalxdtoxdthexdworkxdofxdmen.xdBothxdmenxdandxdwomenxdforagedxdforxdfood,xdand
xdbothxdparticipatedxdinxdhunting.xdOtherxdscholarsxdtheorizexdthatxdevenxdinxdPaleolithicxdsocietyxdonexdpersonxd
mayxdhavexdemergedxdasxdaxdleader,xdperhapsxdbasedxdonxdpersonalxdskill,xdandxdthatxdthisxdpersonxdwasxdalmostxd
alwaysxdaxdman.xdItxdisxdmorexdcertainxdthatxdbyxdthexdNeolithicxdperiod,xdafterxdthexdinventionxdofxdplowxdagricult
ure,xdsocietyxdbecamexdmorexdhierarchicalxdandxdmenxdtookxdonxdmorexdofxdaxdpublic,xdelitexdstatus.xdWomenxdwe
rexdlimitedxdtoxdthexdhomexdorxdenclosedxdspaces,xdandxdlandxdinheritancexdfavoredxdmenxdoverxdwomen.xdEviden
cexdforxdgenderxdrolesxdinxdthexdNeolithicxdperiodxdcomesxdfromxdlaterxdwrittenxdtraditions.
Pagexd|xd3
, 5. Answerxdwouldxdideallyxdinclude:
• Pastoralismxdisxdthexdherdingxdandxdraisingxdofxdlivestock.xdItxdrequiresxdhumansxdtoxdlivexdinxdclosexdconta
ctxdwithxdtheirxdherdxdanimals,xdthusxdexposingxdhumansxdtoxdvariousxdanimal-
bornexddiseases,xdsuchxdasxdsmallpox.xdInitially,xdexposurexdtoxddiseasesxdmayxdhavexdcausedxdhigherxdmortalityxd
ratesxdinxdpastoralistxdsocieties,xdbutxdoverxdtime,x d humansxdwouldxdhavexddevelopedxdsomexdresistancexdtoxdthe
m.xdForagersxdwerexdnotxdexposedxdtoxdthesexddiseasesxdandxdthusxddidxdnotxddevelopxdanyxdresistancexdtoxdthem.xd
Whenxdaxdpastoralistxdsocietyxdencounteredxdaxdforagerxdsociety,xdthisxdmightxdhavexdledxdthexdformerxdtoxdexposex
dthexdlatterxdtoxddeadlyxdpathogens.
6. Answerxdwouldxdideallyxdinclude:
• Thexdpossessionxdofxdmaterialxdgoods—
suchxdasxdlivestock,xddwellingxdstructures,xdplows,xdcarts,xdandxdpots—
indicatedxdthatxdsomexdindividualsxdhadxdcontrolxdoverxdmorexdlabor.xdLaborxdwasxdusedxdtoxdacquirexdmaterialxd
goods.xdThexdmorexdmaterialxdgoodsxdonexdhad,xdthexdmorexdlaborxdonexdcontrolled.xdThisxdindicatedxdstatus;xdtox
dcontrolxdlaborxdwasxdtoxdhavexdaxdhigherxdstatusxdthanxdothers.xdHavingxdmaterialxdgoodsxdgavexdonexdthexdabilit
yxdtoxdacquirexdyetxdmorexdmaterialxdgoodsxdandxdtoxdcontinuexdtoxdacquirexdstatus.xdMaterialxdgoods,xdalongxdwi
thxdland,xdcouldxdalsoxdconstitutexdanxdinheritance,xdandxdthusxdperpetuatexdstatusxdintoxdthexdnextxdgeneration.
Chapterxd01_Matching
Usexdthexdfollowingxdtoxdanswerxdquestionsxd1-15:
SelectxdthexdwordxdorxdphrasexdfromxdthexdTermsxdsectionxdthatxdbestxdmatchesxdthexddefinitionxdorxdexamplexdprov
idedxdinxdthexdDefinitionsxdsection.
Terms
a. pastoralism
b. Neanderthals
c. divisionxdofxdlabor
d. animism
e. socialxdhierarchies
f. patriarchy
g. Paleolithicxdera
h. AgriculturalxdRevolution
g. foraging
Pagexd|xd4
