NUR 445 Exam 2-Renal and GI questions with
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correct detailed answers
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What |is |thrombocytopenia? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Decreased |platelets |below |average |range |(150,000 |- |
450,000).
What |is |the |main |complication |of |thrombocytopenia? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Risk |for |hemorrhage.
What |are |two |common |types |of |thrombocytopenia? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-DIC |and |HIT.
What |is |the |bleeding |phase? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Excessive |bleeding |due |to |inability |to |form |clots.
What |is |the |medical |management |for |excessive |bleeding? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Treatment |of |
underlying |disorder |and |other |disorders.
What |are |the |manifestations |of |excessive |bleeding? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Nose |bleeds, |bleeding |at |IV |
site, |gum |bleeding, |SOB, |hypotension, |hypoxia, |bruising, |blood |clots, |fever, |metabolic |acidosis.
How |is |excessive |bleeding |treated? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Treat |the |underlying |cause, |replace |clotting |
factors, |volume |replacement, |crystalloid |solutions, |anticoagulant |therapy.
What |are |the |bleeding |precautions? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Avoid |rectal |thermometer, |sex, |nose |blows, |
use |soft |toothbrush, |electric |razor, |and |stool |softeners.
What |medications |are |contraindicated |due |to |increased |bleeding |risk? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-NSAIDs.
What |is |liver |disease? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Disease |affecting |the |liver.
What |is |liver |trauma? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Liver |injury |often |caused |by |motor |vehicle |accidents.
,What |are |the |symptoms |of |hepatic |insufficiency? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Jaundice, |increased |bilirubin, |
increased |serum |transaminase.
What |supplements |should |be |taken |for |liver |disease? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Iron |and |vitamin |
supplements.
What |are |the |labs |indicating |liver |failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Increase |liver |enzymes |(ALT, |AST), |
Increased |bilirubin, |Increase |serum |ammonia, |Decreased |albumin
What |are |the |risk |factors |for |hepatitis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Risky |behaviors |(sharing |needles, |
unprotected |sex |with |multiple |partners), |Recent |travel |overseas, |Alcohol |abuse, |Exposure |to |some |
hepatotoxic |medications, |toxins |or |autoimmune |disease
What |is |the |pathophysiology |of |hepatitis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Inflammation |of |liver |cells |due |to |
virus, |Impairs |ability |to |detox, |limits |protein |production |and |clotting |factors, |alters |ability |to |store |
vitamins, |fats |and |sugars
What |are |the |clinical |manifestations |of |hepatitis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Increased |liver |enzymes |(ALT, |
AST), |Increased |bilirubin |(total |and |direct), |Increased |serum |ammonia, |Decreased |albumin, |Jaundice, |
Abdominal |pain
How |is |hepatitis |diagnosed? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Recent |travel |outside |U.S
What |medications |are |used |for |hepatitis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Vaccination |for |Hepatitis |A |and |B
What |is |the |most |common |reason |for |liver |transplantation |in |hepatitis |C-related |cirrhosis? |- |CORRECT
|ANSWER-Hepatitis |C-related |cirrhosis
What |are |the |major |complications |after |liver |transplant? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Organ |rejection |and |
infection
, What |assessments |are |done |for |liver |transplant |patients? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Increased |liver |
enzymes |(ALT |and |AST), |Signs |of |organ |rejection |(RUQ |pain, |changes |in |bile |drainage, |fever, |
tachycardia, |jaundice)
What |nursing |actions |should |be |taken |for |hepatitis |patients? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Refer |patient |to |
social |worker |for |assistance |with |medication |financing
What |should |be |included |in |the |teaching |for |hepatitis |patients? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Nutritional |
teaching |(balanced |diet, |decreased |fat |and |protein), |Good |hand |hygiene |to |decrease |transmission |
from |fecal-oral |route, |Avoid |behaviors |that |contribute |to |transmission |(needle |sharing, |unprotected |
sex), |Importance |of |vaccinations |to |prevent |hepatitis |A |and |B, |Safe |public |water |supply |and |sewage |
disposal |to |prevent |hep |A
What |are |the |risk |factors |for |cirrhosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Chronic |infection |with |Hep |A, |B |or |C, |
Chronic |alcoholism
What |is |the |pathophysiology |of |cirrhosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Irreversible |chronic |cell |destruction |
and |fibrosis/scarring |of |the |hepatic |tissue
What |is |ascites? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Accumulation |of |protein-rich |fluid |in |the |abdominal |cavity.
What |are |the |signs |and |symptoms |of |cirrhosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Shortness |of |breath, |jaundice, |
increased |abdominal |girth, |large |spleen, |elevated |liver |enzymes, |increased |risk |of |bleeding, |
thrombocytopenia, |prolonged |PT, |hemorrhoids, |elevated |serum |ammonia, |changes |in |LOC, |changes |in
|motor |function, |hyponatremia.
What |are |the |treatment |options |for |cirrhosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Diet/nursing |actions, |administering
|medications |(spironolactone, |propranolol, |lactulose), |low |protein, |low |sodium, |and |fluid |restriction, |
increased |fiber |intake.
What |assessments |should |be |done |for |a |patient |with |cirrhosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Monitoring |O2 |
saturation |for |shortness |of |breath, |monitoring |vital |signs |(especially |BP |for |patients |taking |diuretics), |
watching |for |signs |of |organ |rejection |(RUQ |pain, |changes |in |bile |drainage, |fever, |tachycardia, |
jaundice).
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correct detailed answers
| |
What |is |thrombocytopenia? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Decreased |platelets |below |average |range |(150,000 |- |
450,000).
What |is |the |main |complication |of |thrombocytopenia? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Risk |for |hemorrhage.
What |are |two |common |types |of |thrombocytopenia? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-DIC |and |HIT.
What |is |the |bleeding |phase? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Excessive |bleeding |due |to |inability |to |form |clots.
What |is |the |medical |management |for |excessive |bleeding? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Treatment |of |
underlying |disorder |and |other |disorders.
What |are |the |manifestations |of |excessive |bleeding? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Nose |bleeds, |bleeding |at |IV |
site, |gum |bleeding, |SOB, |hypotension, |hypoxia, |bruising, |blood |clots, |fever, |metabolic |acidosis.
How |is |excessive |bleeding |treated? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Treat |the |underlying |cause, |replace |clotting |
factors, |volume |replacement, |crystalloid |solutions, |anticoagulant |therapy.
What |are |the |bleeding |precautions? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Avoid |rectal |thermometer, |sex, |nose |blows, |
use |soft |toothbrush, |electric |razor, |and |stool |softeners.
What |medications |are |contraindicated |due |to |increased |bleeding |risk? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-NSAIDs.
What |is |liver |disease? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Disease |affecting |the |liver.
What |is |liver |trauma? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Liver |injury |often |caused |by |motor |vehicle |accidents.
,What |are |the |symptoms |of |hepatic |insufficiency? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Jaundice, |increased |bilirubin, |
increased |serum |transaminase.
What |supplements |should |be |taken |for |liver |disease? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Iron |and |vitamin |
supplements.
What |are |the |labs |indicating |liver |failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Increase |liver |enzymes |(ALT, |AST), |
Increased |bilirubin, |Increase |serum |ammonia, |Decreased |albumin
What |are |the |risk |factors |for |hepatitis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Risky |behaviors |(sharing |needles, |
unprotected |sex |with |multiple |partners), |Recent |travel |overseas, |Alcohol |abuse, |Exposure |to |some |
hepatotoxic |medications, |toxins |or |autoimmune |disease
What |is |the |pathophysiology |of |hepatitis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Inflammation |of |liver |cells |due |to |
virus, |Impairs |ability |to |detox, |limits |protein |production |and |clotting |factors, |alters |ability |to |store |
vitamins, |fats |and |sugars
What |are |the |clinical |manifestations |of |hepatitis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Increased |liver |enzymes |(ALT, |
AST), |Increased |bilirubin |(total |and |direct), |Increased |serum |ammonia, |Decreased |albumin, |Jaundice, |
Abdominal |pain
How |is |hepatitis |diagnosed? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Recent |travel |outside |U.S
What |medications |are |used |for |hepatitis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Vaccination |for |Hepatitis |A |and |B
What |is |the |most |common |reason |for |liver |transplantation |in |hepatitis |C-related |cirrhosis? |- |CORRECT
|ANSWER-Hepatitis |C-related |cirrhosis
What |are |the |major |complications |after |liver |transplant? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Organ |rejection |and |
infection
, What |assessments |are |done |for |liver |transplant |patients? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Increased |liver |
enzymes |(ALT |and |AST), |Signs |of |organ |rejection |(RUQ |pain, |changes |in |bile |drainage, |fever, |
tachycardia, |jaundice)
What |nursing |actions |should |be |taken |for |hepatitis |patients? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Refer |patient |to |
social |worker |for |assistance |with |medication |financing
What |should |be |included |in |the |teaching |for |hepatitis |patients? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Nutritional |
teaching |(balanced |diet, |decreased |fat |and |protein), |Good |hand |hygiene |to |decrease |transmission |
from |fecal-oral |route, |Avoid |behaviors |that |contribute |to |transmission |(needle |sharing, |unprotected |
sex), |Importance |of |vaccinations |to |prevent |hepatitis |A |and |B, |Safe |public |water |supply |and |sewage |
disposal |to |prevent |hep |A
What |are |the |risk |factors |for |cirrhosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Chronic |infection |with |Hep |A, |B |or |C, |
Chronic |alcoholism
What |is |the |pathophysiology |of |cirrhosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Irreversible |chronic |cell |destruction |
and |fibrosis/scarring |of |the |hepatic |tissue
What |is |ascites? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Accumulation |of |protein-rich |fluid |in |the |abdominal |cavity.
What |are |the |signs |and |symptoms |of |cirrhosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Shortness |of |breath, |jaundice, |
increased |abdominal |girth, |large |spleen, |elevated |liver |enzymes, |increased |risk |of |bleeding, |
thrombocytopenia, |prolonged |PT, |hemorrhoids, |elevated |serum |ammonia, |changes |in |LOC, |changes |in
|motor |function, |hyponatremia.
What |are |the |treatment |options |for |cirrhosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Diet/nursing |actions, |administering
|medications |(spironolactone, |propranolol, |lactulose), |low |protein, |low |sodium, |and |fluid |restriction, |
increased |fiber |intake.
What |assessments |should |be |done |for |a |patient |with |cirrhosis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Monitoring |O2 |
saturation |for |shortness |of |breath, |monitoring |vital |signs |(especially |BP |for |patients |taking |diuretics), |
watching |for |signs |of |organ |rejection |(RUQ |pain, |changes |in |bile |drainage, |fever, |tachycardia, |
jaundice).
