vert bio-EXAM 1 - (aecl/biol 365) Iowa
state university well answered to pass
what is the largest vertebrate species? - correct answer ✔✔fish ( almost half)
science - correct answer ✔✔-a ways of knowing about the natural world
-a process of collecting, organizing, evaluating knowledge, testing and providing explanations
-ACTIVE process
Hypothetico-deductive method - correct answer ✔✔1 - observations
2 - develop hyp. & make predictions
3 - experiment / new observations
4 - evaluate hyp ; refine if needed
***this method confirms new discoveries***
current hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔matches Empirical observations
-must be falsifiable & testable
when do first vertebrates appear? - correct answer ✔✔500mya
-kingdom animalia, phylum chordata (the chordates)
-humans are a blip in most recent vertebral apperance
what characteristics do chordates share at some point in their life? - correct answer ✔✔-
postanal tail
-notochord (spine-like)
,-dorsal, hollow nerve cord (thicker, on top of notocord)
-pharyngeal slits
notochord - correct answer ✔✔-longitudinal, flexible rod located dorsally
-body support
-evolved to jointed skeleton (intervertebral disks, vertebral column)
dorsal hollow nerve cord - correct answer ✔✔-unique to chordates
pharyngeal slits - correct answer ✔✔-perforations in wall of pharynx (throat)
-originally used for filter feeding in non-vert chordates
-MODIFIED for gas exchange
postanal tail - correct answer ✔✔-originally for locomotion
-MODIFIED for loco (balance) on land
What are the subgroups of Phylum Chordata? - correct answer ✔✔1. Subphylum Urochordata
2. Subphylum Cephalochordata
3. Craniata (includes vertebrata)
Subphylum Cephalochordata - correct answer ✔✔*without backbones
-cephalochordata (lancelets or amphioxus)
- tiny eel-like marine animals
-adults present all chordate characteristics
Subphylum Urochordata - correct answer ✔✔*without backbones
, -resemble coral (sessile)
-filter feed
-adults DO NOT resemble chordate
-tadpole larval stage with all 4 chordate characteristics
Craniata - correct answer ✔✔-chordate characteristics + distinct brain encased skull
-vertebral column that encloses nerve cord (support and protects nerve cord for muscle
attachment)
***INCLUDES VERTEBRATA
Did vertebrates arise from cephalochordates or larval form of urochordates? - correct answer
✔✔molecular evidence shows tunicates (urochord.) are more closely related to vertrbrates
paedomorphosis - correct answer ✔✔retention of larval characteristics into adulthood
What are some key evolutionary features of vertebrates? - correct answer ✔✔-endoskeleton
(accomodates growth & protection)
-link between pharync & breathing (gills in pharyng. slits; allows more active life)
-Well developed nervous system (brain and sense organs)
-Paired limbs (improved locomotion)
Agnatha (jawless fishes) - correct answer ✔✔myxini (hagfish)
petromyzontiformes (lamprey)
-jawless vertibrates
-cartilaginous skeleton
-notochord present in adults
-lack of paired appendages
state university well answered to pass
what is the largest vertebrate species? - correct answer ✔✔fish ( almost half)
science - correct answer ✔✔-a ways of knowing about the natural world
-a process of collecting, organizing, evaluating knowledge, testing and providing explanations
-ACTIVE process
Hypothetico-deductive method - correct answer ✔✔1 - observations
2 - develop hyp. & make predictions
3 - experiment / new observations
4 - evaluate hyp ; refine if needed
***this method confirms new discoveries***
current hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔matches Empirical observations
-must be falsifiable & testable
when do first vertebrates appear? - correct answer ✔✔500mya
-kingdom animalia, phylum chordata (the chordates)
-humans are a blip in most recent vertebral apperance
what characteristics do chordates share at some point in their life? - correct answer ✔✔-
postanal tail
-notochord (spine-like)
,-dorsal, hollow nerve cord (thicker, on top of notocord)
-pharyngeal slits
notochord - correct answer ✔✔-longitudinal, flexible rod located dorsally
-body support
-evolved to jointed skeleton (intervertebral disks, vertebral column)
dorsal hollow nerve cord - correct answer ✔✔-unique to chordates
pharyngeal slits - correct answer ✔✔-perforations in wall of pharynx (throat)
-originally used for filter feeding in non-vert chordates
-MODIFIED for gas exchange
postanal tail - correct answer ✔✔-originally for locomotion
-MODIFIED for loco (balance) on land
What are the subgroups of Phylum Chordata? - correct answer ✔✔1. Subphylum Urochordata
2. Subphylum Cephalochordata
3. Craniata (includes vertebrata)
Subphylum Cephalochordata - correct answer ✔✔*without backbones
-cephalochordata (lancelets or amphioxus)
- tiny eel-like marine animals
-adults present all chordate characteristics
Subphylum Urochordata - correct answer ✔✔*without backbones
, -resemble coral (sessile)
-filter feed
-adults DO NOT resemble chordate
-tadpole larval stage with all 4 chordate characteristics
Craniata - correct answer ✔✔-chordate characteristics + distinct brain encased skull
-vertebral column that encloses nerve cord (support and protects nerve cord for muscle
attachment)
***INCLUDES VERTEBRATA
Did vertebrates arise from cephalochordates or larval form of urochordates? - correct answer
✔✔molecular evidence shows tunicates (urochord.) are more closely related to vertrbrates
paedomorphosis - correct answer ✔✔retention of larval characteristics into adulthood
What are some key evolutionary features of vertebrates? - correct answer ✔✔-endoskeleton
(accomodates growth & protection)
-link between pharync & breathing (gills in pharyng. slits; allows more active life)
-Well developed nervous system (brain and sense organs)
-Paired limbs (improved locomotion)
Agnatha (jawless fishes) - correct answer ✔✔myxini (hagfish)
petromyzontiformes (lamprey)
-jawless vertibrates
-cartilaginous skeleton
-notochord present in adults
-lack of paired appendages
