RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026 RATED A+
Inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire stomach or a region) -
CORRECT ANSWER -Gastritis
_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe ulceration with hemorrhage -
CORRECT ANSWER -Acute Gastritis
_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea and epigastric
pain - CORRECT ANSWER -Acute Gastritis
_________ Gastritis develops gradually. - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic Gastritis
Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic
Gastritis
Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial discomfort, and hematemesis. -
CORRECT ANSWER -Acute Gastritis
Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull epigastric pain and a
sensation of fullness after minimal intake. - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because of an infection or allergic reaction -
CORRECT ANSWER -Gastroenteritis
Usually due to primary inflammatory disease such as crohns disease - CORRECT ANSWER -
Chronic Gastroenteritis
,Commonly due to direct infection such as salmonella from raw or undercooked chicken or eggs -
CORRECT ANSWER -Acute Gastroenteritis
Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea, and vomiting - CORRECT
ANSWER -Gastroenteritis
Most common cause of chronic gastritis - CORRECT ANSWER -Helicobacter pylori
Embeds itself in the mucous layer, activating toxins and enzymes that cause inflammation.
Genetic vulnerability and lifestyle behaviors (smoking and stress) may increase the susceptibility
- CORRECT ANSWER -Helicobacter pylori
Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water contamination, long-term use
of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, excessive alcohol use, severe stress, autoimmune
conditions, and other chronic disease - CORRECT ANSWER -Gastritis
Complications of?: Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic
Gastritis
Manifestations of?: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal cramping,
nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise. Hematemesis and dark, tarry stools can indicate
ulceration and bleeding. - CORRECT ANSWER -Gastritis
Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus. Bile can also back up into
the esophagus. - CORRECT ANSWER -GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
These gastric secretions irritate the esophageal mucosa - CORRECT ANSWER -GERD
(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
,Causes of?: certain foods (e.g., chocolate, caffeine, carbonated beverages, citrus fruit, tomatoes,
spicy or fatty foods, and peppermint), alcohol consumption, nicotine, hiatal hernia, obesity,
pregnancy, certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids, beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers,
and anticholinergics), nasogastric intubation, and delayed gastric emptying - CORRECT ANSWER
-GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Manifestations of?: heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or when recombinant),
dysphagia, dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of food, and sensation of a lump in
the throat. - CORRECT ANSWER -GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Complications of?: esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer, and chronic
pulmonary disease - CORRECT ANSWER -GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Often confused with angina and may warrant ruling out cardiac disease - CORRECT ANSWER -
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Lesions affecting the lining of the stomach or duodenum - CORRECT ANSWER -Peptic Ulcer
Disease (PUD)
Risk factors of?: being male, advancing age, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (NSAIDs),
H. pylori infections, certain gastric tumors, and those for GERD. - CORRECT ANSWER -Peptic
Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Vary in severity from superficial erosions to complete penetration through the GI tract wall.
Develops because of an imbalance between destructive forces and protective mechanisms -
CORRECT ANSWER -Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Types of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) - CORRECT ANSWER -Duodenal Ulcers
Gastric Ulcers
Stress Ulcers
, Most commonly associated with excessive acid or H. pylori infections. Typically present with
epigastric pain that is relieved in the presence of food - CORRECT ANSWER -Duodenal ulcers
Less frequent but more deadly. Typically associated with malignancy and nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs. Pain typically worsens with eating. - CORRECT ANSWER -Gastric Ulcers
Develop because of a major physiological stressor on the body due to local tissue ischemia,
tissue acidosis, bile salts entering the stomach, and decreased GI motility. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Stress ulcers
Stress ulcers associated with burns - CORRECT ANSWER -Curling's ulcers
Stress ulcers associated with head injuries - CORRECT ANSWER -Cushing's ulcers
Most frequently develop in the stomach; multiple ulcers can form within hours of the
precipitating event. - CORRECT ANSWER -Stress ulcers
Often hemorrhage is the first indicator because the ulcer develops rapidly and tends to be
masked by the primary problem - CORRECT ANSWER -Stress ulcer
Complications of?: GI hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation, and peritonitis - CORRECT ANSWER
-Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Manifestations of?: epigastric or abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, heartburn, indigestion,
nausea, and vomiting - CORRECT ANSWER -Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Acute inflammation and necrosis of large intestine; it affects the mucosa and sometimes other
layers - CORRECT ANSWER -Pseudomembranous Colitis (C. Diff)
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026 RATED A+
Inflammation of the stomach's mucosal lining (may involve the entire stomach or a region) -
CORRECT ANSWER -Gastritis
_________Can be a mild, transient irritation, or it cab be a severe ulceration with hemorrhage -
CORRECT ANSWER -Acute Gastritis
_________ Usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea and epigastric
pain - CORRECT ANSWER -Acute Gastritis
_________ Gastritis develops gradually. - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic Gastritis
Gastritis can be further categorized as erosive or nonerosive - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic
Gastritis
Symptoms of: Anorexia, nausea & vomiting, postprandial discomfort, and hematemesis. -
CORRECT ANSWER -Acute Gastritis
Symptoms of: May be asymptomatic, but usually accompanied by a dull epigastric pain and a
sensation of fullness after minimal intake. - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually because of an infection or allergic reaction -
CORRECT ANSWER -Gastroenteritis
Usually due to primary inflammatory disease such as crohns disease - CORRECT ANSWER -
Chronic Gastroenteritis
,Commonly due to direct infection such as salmonella from raw or undercooked chicken or eggs -
CORRECT ANSWER -Acute Gastroenteritis
Signs & Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, pain, nausea, and vomiting - CORRECT
ANSWER -Gastroenteritis
Most common cause of chronic gastritis - CORRECT ANSWER -Helicobacter pylori
Embeds itself in the mucous layer, activating toxins and enzymes that cause inflammation.
Genetic vulnerability and lifestyle behaviors (smoking and stress) may increase the susceptibility
- CORRECT ANSWER -Helicobacter pylori
Other causes of?: Organisms transmitted though food and water contamination, long-term use
of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, excessive alcohol use, severe stress, autoimmune
conditions, and other chronic disease - CORRECT ANSWER -Gastritis
Complications of?: Peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic
Gastritis
Manifestations of?: Include indigestion, heartburn, epigastric pain, abdominal cramping,
nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, and malaise. Hematemesis and dark, tarry stools can indicate
ulceration and bleeding. - CORRECT ANSWER -Gastritis
Chyme periodically backs up from the stomach into the esophagus. Bile can also back up into
the esophagus. - CORRECT ANSWER -GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
These gastric secretions irritate the esophageal mucosa - CORRECT ANSWER -GERD
(Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
,Causes of?: certain foods (e.g., chocolate, caffeine, carbonated beverages, citrus fruit, tomatoes,
spicy or fatty foods, and peppermint), alcohol consumption, nicotine, hiatal hernia, obesity,
pregnancy, certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids, beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers,
and anticholinergics), nasogastric intubation, and delayed gastric emptying - CORRECT ANSWER
-GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Manifestations of?: heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or when recombinant),
dysphagia, dry cough, laryngitis, pharyngitis, regurgitation of food, and sensation of a lump in
the throat. - CORRECT ANSWER -GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Complications of?: esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer, and chronic
pulmonary disease - CORRECT ANSWER -GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Often confused with angina and may warrant ruling out cardiac disease - CORRECT ANSWER -
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Lesions affecting the lining of the stomach or duodenum - CORRECT ANSWER -Peptic Ulcer
Disease (PUD)
Risk factors of?: being male, advancing age, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (NSAIDs),
H. pylori infections, certain gastric tumors, and those for GERD. - CORRECT ANSWER -Peptic
Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Vary in severity from superficial erosions to complete penetration through the GI tract wall.
Develops because of an imbalance between destructive forces and protective mechanisms -
CORRECT ANSWER -Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Types of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) - CORRECT ANSWER -Duodenal Ulcers
Gastric Ulcers
Stress Ulcers
, Most commonly associated with excessive acid or H. pylori infections. Typically present with
epigastric pain that is relieved in the presence of food - CORRECT ANSWER -Duodenal ulcers
Less frequent but more deadly. Typically associated with malignancy and nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs. Pain typically worsens with eating. - CORRECT ANSWER -Gastric Ulcers
Develop because of a major physiological stressor on the body due to local tissue ischemia,
tissue acidosis, bile salts entering the stomach, and decreased GI motility. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Stress ulcers
Stress ulcers associated with burns - CORRECT ANSWER -Curling's ulcers
Stress ulcers associated with head injuries - CORRECT ANSWER -Cushing's ulcers
Most frequently develop in the stomach; multiple ulcers can form within hours of the
precipitating event. - CORRECT ANSWER -Stress ulcers
Often hemorrhage is the first indicator because the ulcer develops rapidly and tends to be
masked by the primary problem - CORRECT ANSWER -Stress ulcer
Complications of?: GI hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation, and peritonitis - CORRECT ANSWER
-Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Manifestations of?: epigastric or abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, heartburn, indigestion,
nausea, and vomiting - CORRECT ANSWER -Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Acute inflammation and necrosis of large intestine; it affects the mucosa and sometimes other
layers - CORRECT ANSWER -Pseudomembranous Colitis (C. Diff)
