RASMUSSEN PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026 RATED A+
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER -the study of how disease processes affect the function of
the body
sign vs symptom - CORRECT ANSWER -a sign is a physical manifestation (objective), a symptom
is what the patient tells you about the disease (subjective)
Cell components - CORRECT ANSWER -nucleus/nucleolus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) - CORRECT ANSWER -the body's adaptive response to
stress in three phases—alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
Intracellular fluid (ICF) - CORRECT ANSWER -fluid inside cells
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - CORRECT ANSWER -fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and
interstitial fluids
intravascular fluid - CORRECT ANSWER -fluid within blood vessels
interstitial fluid - CORRECT ANSWER -liquid found between the cells of the body that provides
much of the liquid environment of the body
edema - CORRECT ANSWER -Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.
Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) - CORRECT ANSWER -(hypovolemia) loss of both water and
electrolytes in similar proportions from the ECF
, fluid overload - CORRECT ANSWER -a condition that occurs when the body cannot handle the
amount of fluid consumed
Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER -abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma in the
body
RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) - CORRECT ANSWER -Maintain blood pressure;
Renin is released by kidneys in response to decreased blood volume; causes angiotensinogen to
split & produce angiotensin I; lungs convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II; angiotensin II
stimulates adrenal gland to release aldosterone & causes an increase in peripheral
vasoconstriction
Sodium value: - CORRECT ANSWER -135-145 mEq/L
Hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWER -increased sodium levels; thirst, muscle twitching, hyper
flex is, seizure
Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Headache
2. Seizure
3. Coma
Potassium value - CORRECT ANSWER -3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Hypokalemia S/S - CORRECT ANSWER -Fatigue, Anorexia, N/V, Muscle weakness, Decreased GI
motility, Dysrhythmias, Paresthesia, Flat T waves on ECG
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026 RATED A+
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER -the study of how disease processes affect the function of
the body
sign vs symptom - CORRECT ANSWER -a sign is a physical manifestation (objective), a symptom
is what the patient tells you about the disease (subjective)
Cell components - CORRECT ANSWER -nucleus/nucleolus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) - CORRECT ANSWER -the body's adaptive response to
stress in three phases—alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
Intracellular fluid (ICF) - CORRECT ANSWER -fluid inside cells
Extracellular fluid (ECF) - CORRECT ANSWER -fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and
interstitial fluids
intravascular fluid - CORRECT ANSWER -fluid within blood vessels
interstitial fluid - CORRECT ANSWER -liquid found between the cells of the body that provides
much of the liquid environment of the body
edema - CORRECT ANSWER -Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.
Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) - CORRECT ANSWER -(hypovolemia) loss of both water and
electrolytes in similar proportions from the ECF
, fluid overload - CORRECT ANSWER -a condition that occurs when the body cannot handle the
amount of fluid consumed
Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER -abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma in the
body
RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) - CORRECT ANSWER -Maintain blood pressure;
Renin is released by kidneys in response to decreased blood volume; causes angiotensinogen to
split & produce angiotensin I; lungs convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II; angiotensin II
stimulates adrenal gland to release aldosterone & causes an increase in peripheral
vasoconstriction
Sodium value: - CORRECT ANSWER -135-145 mEq/L
Hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWER -increased sodium levels; thirst, muscle twitching, hyper
flex is, seizure
Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Headache
2. Seizure
3. Coma
Potassium value - CORRECT ANSWER -3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Hypokalemia S/S - CORRECT ANSWER -Fatigue, Anorexia, N/V, Muscle weakness, Decreased GI
motility, Dysrhythmias, Paresthesia, Flat T waves on ECG
