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MSN 570 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM; ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
Tonicity -correct-answer-The ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause that
cell to gain or lose water. "The effect of the osmotic pressure or tension on the
cell. It is determined by the osmotic pressure of two solutions (i.e., solvent and
solute) separated by a semipermeable membrane and the concentration relative
to one and other on each side of the membrane (i.e., intracellular and
extracellular)."
Anemia of Chronic Disease/Inflammation (ACD) -correct-answer-The second most
common anemia, after iron deficiency anemia. The anemia is caused by many
different chronic diseases or inflammation (e.g., cancer, chronic kidney disease,
congestive heart failure, and infections).
Aplastic Anemia -correct-answer-A rare but serious type of anemia that is a result
of the bone marrow failing to produce multipotent hematopoietic stem cell
precursors. This leads to a lack of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, which is
referred to as pancytopenia.
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B12 -correct-answer-Requisite for RBC production. Low levels: deficiency. High
levels: liver disease; myeloproliferative disorders.
Basophil -correct-answer-Granulocyte, polymorphonuclear. Description: Slightly
smaller than neutrophil; contains large, purple cytoplasmic granules; bilobed
nucleus
Concentration (number of cells/mm): 20-50
Life span: A few hours to a few days
Function: Releases histamine during inflammation.
Blood -correct-answer-Both a viscous fluid and a connective tissue. It
accomplishes its functions through its various components—the plasma (liquid
protein), leukocytes (white blood cells), erythrocytes (red blood cells), and
thrombocytes (platelets).
Burkitt Lymphoma -correct-answer-Type of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Origin: B
lymphocytes. Most linked to EBV.
Epidemiology, U.S.: 40%; More common in males; Age 5-10 years; peak 4-6 years
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Common clinical presentation: Abdominal mass, pain, nausea, vomiting, & change
in bowel patterns. Rapid growing head and neck lymphadenopathy
Special notes: One of the most aggressive fast-growing cancers. Cases in Africa
account for almost all NHL. Over 50% of childhood cancers develop in the jaw or
other facial bones.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) -correct-answer-Complex, acquired
disorder in which clotting and hemorrhage simultaneously occur
Eosinophil -correct-answer-Granulocyte, polymorphonuclear. white blood cell
containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions; Phagocytizes
antigen-antibody complex; attacks parasites
Epoetin and Darbepoetin -correct-answer-synthetic versions of erythropoietin
(EPO). Synthetic EPO is used in some anemias such as those caused by chronic
renal failure or chemotherapy.; 2 ESAs used in tx of anemia in cancer
Erythrocytes -correct-answer-red blood cells; Disk-shaped cells that carry oxygen
to tissues and transport carbon dioxide out of the tissues for its subsequent
removal from the body. Erythrocytes contain proteins such as hemoglobin, which
binds to oxygen, giving blood its red color. The brighter the shade of red, the more
the blood is saturated with oxygen. Hematocrit refers to how much of the blood
volume comprises erythrocytes.
MSN 570 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM; ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
Tonicity -correct-answer-The ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause that
cell to gain or lose water. "The effect of the osmotic pressure or tension on the
cell. It is determined by the osmotic pressure of two solutions (i.e., solvent and
solute) separated by a semipermeable membrane and the concentration relative
to one and other on each side of the membrane (i.e., intracellular and
extracellular)."
Anemia of Chronic Disease/Inflammation (ACD) -correct-answer-The second most
common anemia, after iron deficiency anemia. The anemia is caused by many
different chronic diseases or inflammation (e.g., cancer, chronic kidney disease,
congestive heart failure, and infections).
Aplastic Anemia -correct-answer-A rare but serious type of anemia that is a result
of the bone marrow failing to produce multipotent hematopoietic stem cell
precursors. This leads to a lack of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, which is
referred to as pancytopenia.
,2|Page
B12 -correct-answer-Requisite for RBC production. Low levels: deficiency. High
levels: liver disease; myeloproliferative disorders.
Basophil -correct-answer-Granulocyte, polymorphonuclear. Description: Slightly
smaller than neutrophil; contains large, purple cytoplasmic granules; bilobed
nucleus
Concentration (number of cells/mm): 20-50
Life span: A few hours to a few days
Function: Releases histamine during inflammation.
Blood -correct-answer-Both a viscous fluid and a connective tissue. It
accomplishes its functions through its various components—the plasma (liquid
protein), leukocytes (white blood cells), erythrocytes (red blood cells), and
thrombocytes (platelets).
Burkitt Lymphoma -correct-answer-Type of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Origin: B
lymphocytes. Most linked to EBV.
Epidemiology, U.S.: 40%; More common in males; Age 5-10 years; peak 4-6 years
, 3|Page
Common clinical presentation: Abdominal mass, pain, nausea, vomiting, & change
in bowel patterns. Rapid growing head and neck lymphadenopathy
Special notes: One of the most aggressive fast-growing cancers. Cases in Africa
account for almost all NHL. Over 50% of childhood cancers develop in the jaw or
other facial bones.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) -correct-answer-Complex, acquired
disorder in which clotting and hemorrhage simultaneously occur
Eosinophil -correct-answer-Granulocyte, polymorphonuclear. white blood cell
containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions; Phagocytizes
antigen-antibody complex; attacks parasites
Epoetin and Darbepoetin -correct-answer-synthetic versions of erythropoietin
(EPO). Synthetic EPO is used in some anemias such as those caused by chronic
renal failure or chemotherapy.; 2 ESAs used in tx of anemia in cancer
Erythrocytes -correct-answer-red blood cells; Disk-shaped cells that carry oxygen
to tissues and transport carbon dioxide out of the tissues for its subsequent
removal from the body. Erythrocytes contain proteins such as hemoglobin, which
binds to oxygen, giving blood its red color. The brighter the shade of red, the more
the blood is saturated with oxygen. Hematocrit refers to how much of the blood
volume comprises erythrocytes.
